菲涅尔式光热发电系统中光学参数设计

论文总字数：22739字

摘 要

目前，太阳能因其蕴藏着无穷的能量和巨大的潜力，已成为一种备受世人瞩目的新型能源。而在各种太阳能发电系统中，菲涅尔光热发电系统因其较低的建设成本和极好的地面利用率而逐渐走入学者和科研人员们的视野中。但是，现如今的菲涅尔式光热发电系统中仍然存在发电效率偏低、聚焦光线的能力不如主流的塔式太阳能发电系统等问题，需要对现有的菲涅尔式光热发电系统进行进一步的参数方面的优化和改进。本文以太阳光镜面反射模型出发，研究了太阳光、反射镜和接收器的位置和角度关系，计算了不同太阳入射角的情况下，各反射镜的倾斜角。为了提高在反射镜上的聚光比，决定使用曲面反射镜来代替一般的平面反射镜，Tracepro的模拟结果表明在正午时刻，使用了曲面反射镜的菲涅尔反射镜场的光利用率提高了5%。为了提高接收器的效率，分别对比了三角形、梯形和抛物线形三种形状的二次反射镜对菲涅尔光热发电系统的影响，结果显示，光利用率最佳的二次反射镜为抛物线形，其次为梯形，最后为三角形。不难看出，二次反射镜几何结构的复杂程度与其光聚焦能力有着密切的关系。

关键词：菲涅尔式光热发电，曲面反射镜，抛物线光接收器, 太阳能

ABSTRACT

At present, solar energy has become a new type of energy that has attracted worldwide attention because of its infinite energy and huge potential. Among various solar power generation systems, Fresnel CSP system has gradually entered the field of scholars and researchers because of its low construction cost and excellent ground utilization. However, in today's Fresnel-type CSP systems, there are still problems such as low power generation efficiency and the ability to focus light is not as good as the mainstream tower solar power system. It is necessary to carry out the existing Fresnel-type CSP system. Further optimization and improvement of parameters. Based on the solar specular reflection model, the relationship between the position and angle of sunlight, mirror and receiver is studied, and the tilt angle of each mirror under different incident angles of the sun is calculated. In order to improve the concentration ratio on the mirror, it was decided to use a curved mirror instead of a general plane mirror. The software , Tracepro's simulation results show that the light utilization of the Fresnel mirror field using the curved mirror is improved 5% at noon. In order to improve the efficiency of the receiver, the effects of the triangular, trapezoidal and parabolic shapes of the secondary reflector on the Fresnel CSP system are compared. The results show that the secondary reflector with the best light utilization is parabolic , followed by trapezoids, and triangles is the last one. It is not difficult to see that the geometric complexity of the secondary reflector is closely related to its light focusing ability.

Key words: Fresnel CSP system, Curved mirror, parabolic light receiver, solar energy.

目 录

第一章 引言....................................................1

1.1太阳能应用现状................................................1

1.2菲涅尔发电系统的发展和研究现状................................2

1.3本文的主要工作................................................5

第二章 镜场的分布和建立........................................6

2.1仿真实验软件介绍..............................................6

2.2光源的建模....................................................6

2.3镜场的分布....................................................7

第三章 曲面反射镜的建模与模拟.................................10

3.1曲面反射镜的使用意义.........................................10

3.2曲面反射镜的建模.............................................10

3.3光学模拟仿真实验.............................................12

3.3.1采用不同曲率半径的曲面平面镜仿真.......................12

3.3.2模拟采用平面反射镜的菲涅尔光热系统.....................20

3.4结果讨论.....................................................25

第四章 二次反射器的参数.......................................26

4.1二次反射器的应用.............................................26

4.2几种不同的二次反射器.........................................26

4.3光学模拟仿真实验.............................................28

4.3.1模拟不同形状的二次反射镜...............................28

4.4结果讨论.....................................................31

第五章 结论...................................................32

参考文献......................................................33

致谢..........................................................34

1. 引言

1.1太阳能应用现状

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