基于多源量测数据的主动配电网故障定位技术

论文总字数：31068字

摘 要

随着风电、光伏等新能源形式的分布式电源（distributed generations, DGs）高渗透率发电并网，配电网由传统的单源、辐射状网络逐步转变为潮流复杂多变的主动配电网(active distribution network, ADN)。由于DGs的接入会支撑接入点电压并注入电流，改变了传统配电网的单向潮流性，使得传统的故障定位与检测方法失效。因此，适用于主动配电网的故障定位方法亟待研究。

本文针对大量DGs接入配电网这一趋势，提出了一种适用于含DGs的主动配电网故障区段定位方法。该方法以同步相量量测单元（phasor measurement unit,PMU）或电压幅值量测单元（voltage measurement,VM）为节点电压量测元件，仅需在部分节点上量测故障前与故障中的电压大小，并运用最小二乘估计方法，即可实现对于故障节点的定位与故障类型的判别。

同时，针对该定位方法，提出了一种量测单元的配置方案，仅需在少量节点上装设PMU或VM，即可满足该定位算法对于状态估计的需求。

最后，在Simulink中搭建了改进的IEEE-13节点配电网模型，并运用MATLAB编写了故障定位的算法程序，验证了基于同步量测的故障定位方法在不同故障电阻、有无DGs接入情形下的定位准确性以及量测单元配置方案的可行性。

关键词：主动配电网，同步相量测量单元，状态估计，量测单元配置

Abstract

Along with wind power, photovoltaic and other new energy forms of distributed generation (DGs), which have high penetration rate, are connected to the grid, and the power distribution network is gradually transformed from the traditional single source and radial network into the active distribution network (ADN) with complex and changeable power flow. Since DGs will support the voltage of access point and inject current, it changes the one-way power flow of traditional power distribution network, and makes the traditional fault location and detection methods fail. Therefore, the fault location method suitable for active distribution network needs to be studied urgently.

In this paper, a method for fault section location in active power distribution systems with DGs is proposed, aiming at the tendency that lots of DGs are connected to power distribution systems. This method takes phasor measurement unit (PMU) or voltage measurement unit (VM) as the node voltage measurement element, and only needs to measure the voltage before and in the fault on some nodes, and USES the least square estimation method to realize the location of fault nodes and the discrimination of fault types.

At the same time, for this localization method, a configuration scheme of measurement unit is proposed, which only needs to install PMU or VM on a few nodes to meet the requirements of the localization algorithm for state estimation.

Finally, an improved IEEE-13 node distribution network model is built in Simulink, and a fault location algorithm program is written by MATLAB, which verifies the positioning accuracy of the fault location method based on synchronous measurement under different fault resistances, with or without DGs access, and the feasibility of measurement unit configuration scheme.

KEY WORDS: active distribution network, synchronous phasor measurement unit, state estimation, measurement unit configuration

目 录

摘要 Ⅰ

Abstract Ⅱ

第一章 绪论 1

1.1引言 1

1.2配电网故障定位技术研究现状 1

1.3本文的主要研究内容 4

第二章 基于量测数据的主动配电网故障区段定位 5

2.1最小二乘估计法 5

2.2基于同步量测的故障定位方法 6

2.3基于非同步量测的故障定位方法 10

2.4故障类型判别方法 12

2.5本章小结 12

第三章 主动配电网多源量测单元优化配置 13

3.1同步相量量测单元PMU 13

3.2量测单元配置方案 13

3.3本章小结 16

第四章 主动配电网故障区段定位仿真分析 17

4.1仿真算例介绍 17

4.2基于PMU量测的仿真分析 18

4.2.1 定位结果误差分析 21

4.2.2 高阻接地的影响分析 22

4.2.3 DG接入的影响分析 23

4.3基于VM量测的仿真分析 25

4.4本章小结 26

第五章 总结与展望 27

5.1总结 27

5.2展望 27

参考文献 28

致 谢 30

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