含光伏发电配电网的电压谐波特性研究

 2022-05-24 21:19:33

论文总字数:27628字

摘 要

本文以探究光伏发电系统中影响电压谐波的因素为出发点,研究了光伏发电系统在不同情况下工作时产生的不同电压谐波特性。本文以两种光伏并网发电系统并入配电网的情况为算例,进行认真的研究,重点针对以下几个方面。

首先,本文介绍了光伏发电系统的工作原理,通过建立光伏发电系统中光伏电池的仿真模型,用分析输出特性曲线和理论验证的方式,分析了光伏电池板的输出特性,然后结合理论简述了对谐波的研究方法,并且阐述了谐波对配电网的影响。

其次,建立单光伏发电系统,遵循上文研究谐波的方法,研究了不同工作环境下光伏发电系统的并网点电压谐波特性,进一步分析了光伏发电系统对配电网电压、频率、谐波影响机理。

再者,通过连接两个相近的光伏发电系统,并且采用点消纳和线消纳两种消纳方式,分析了多个光伏发电系统在互相影响下,对配电网谐波的影响。

最后,基于已有的实验数据,采用BP人工神经网络,找出多种影响因素与电压谐波特性的隐性关系,并对给定的影响因素下电压谐波进行预测。

关键词:分布式光伏发电,电压谐波分析,谐波交互影响,BP神经网络

Abstract

In recent years,.With the gradual depletion of traditional fossil fuels,many countries in the world pay more attention to develop the green and renewable energies.Solar energy is favored for its wide distribution, cleanness and huge amount that can be developed. At the same time, with the gradual development of intelligent distribution networks, people have higher and higher requirements for power quality in distribution networks. However, because the core device inverter in the photovoltaic power generation system belongs to a nonlinear device, the photovoltaic power generation system inevitably generates harmonic pollution to the distribution network.

In this case, this paper studies the factors affecting voltage harmonics in photovoltaic power generation system, and studies the different voltage harmonic characteristics generated by photovoltaic power generation system under different conditions. Harmonic pollution on the Internet has certain guiding significance. In this paper, three relatively complete distribution networks with photovoltaic grid-connected power generation systems are used as examples to conduct serious research, focusing on the following aspects.

Firstly, this paper introduces the working principle of photovoltaic power generation system. By establishing the simulation model of photovoltaic cell in photovoltaic power generation system, the output characteristics of power generation components in common photovoltaic power generation system are analyzed, and then the research methods of harmonics are briefly described in combination with theory. And the impact of harmonics on the distribution network is explained.

Secondly, the establishment of a single photovoltaic power generation system, following the method of studying harmonics above, studied the voltage harmonic characteristics of the grid-connected point of photovoltaic power generation system under different working environments, and further analyzed the voltage, frequency and harmonics of the photovoltaic power generation system to the distribution network. Mechanism of influence.

Furthermore, by connecting two similar photovoltaic power generation systems and adopting two methods of point consumption and line consumption, the influence of multiple photovoltaic power generation systems on the harmonics of the distribution network is analyzed.

Finally, based on the existing experimental data, BP artificial neural network is used to find the implicit relationship between various influencing factors and voltage harmonic characteristics, and predict the voltage harmonics under given influencing factors.

KEY WORDS: Distributed photovoltaic power generation,Voltage harmonic analysis,Harmonic interaction,BF neural network

目 录

第一章 绪论 3

1.1 研究意义和背景 3

1.2 光伏发电的关键技术 3

1.2.1 MPPT最大功率点跟踪技术 3

1.2.2 光伏并网逆变器控制 4

1.2.3 分布式光伏并网发电系统 4

1.3 分布式光伏对电能质量的影响 5

(1)对电压偏差的影响 5

(2)对电压波动的影响 5

(3)对谐波的影响 6

1.4 本文的研究目的和主要研究内容 6

第二章 光伏电站发电系统的工作原理 7

2.1 光伏电池板的工作原理 7

2.1.1光伏电池的等效电路和数学模型 7

2.1.2光伏电池的出力特性 8

2.1.3光伏电池板的出力验证 10

2.2 并网逆变器 12

2.2.1逆变器作用 12

2.2.2逆变器对谐波的影响 14

2.3 谐波概述 14

2.3.1谐波的产生原因和危害 14

2.3.2谐波理论分析 15

2.3.3 我国对光伏发电系统的电能质量要求 16

2.4本章小结 17

第三章 单个光伏发电系统并网点电压的研究 18

3.1单个光伏发电系统电路结构 18

3.2 单个光伏发电系统并网点的谐波特性 18

3.3本章小结 28

第四章 双个光伏发电系统并网点电压的研究 29

4.1同一并网点的双光伏发电系统 29

4.1.1 辐照强度恒定(1000W/m2)时,温度对谐波的影响 30

4.1.2 温度恒定(25℃)时,辐照度对谐波的影响 32

4.2 不同并网点的双光伏发电系统 35

4.3 不同并网点带负荷的双光伏发电系统 38

4.2.1辐照强度恒定(1000W/m2)时,温度对谐波的影响 40

4.2.2温度恒定(25℃)时,辐照度对谐波的影响 41

第五章 BP神经网络在研究电压谐波中的应用 44

5.1 BP神经网络介绍 44

5.2 BP神经网络对本次电能质量的预测 45

5.2.1 对单光伏发电系统情况的预测 45

5.2.2 对同一并网点双光伏发电系统情况的预测 46

5.2.3 对不同并网点的双光伏发电系统情况的预测 46

5.2.3 对有负载的不同并网点的双光伏发电系统情况的预测 47

5.3 本章小结 48

第六章 总结与展望 49

6.1全文总结 49

6.2 展望 49

参考文献 51

  1. 绪论
    1. 研究意义和背景

随着当前世界范围内对绿色、清洁和可再生能源应用的倡导,各国普遍从可持续发展的角度对许多新型能源产业进行扶持。光伏能源产业便是其中之一。然而光伏产业发展的成本是比较高的,同时其对政策有很强的依赖性[1-2]

近几年来,我国针对太阳能的开发力度增长,产业规模随之增大,在一定程度上推动了光伏发电的技术进步,因而显著降低了光伏产业的成本。其中分布式光伏发电以其分布广泛,且资源丰富,不受地域限制等因素,易于在城市范围内推广,成为中国重点发展的对象之一[3]

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