基于智能交互的VR场景可编辑三维界面研究

论文总字数：34973字

摘 要

随着计算机技术的发展，作为人与数字系统之间信息传递媒介的用户界面也完成了从晦涩、复杂到直观、易用的蜕变，大大降低了用户的认知摩擦与学习成本。在计算机硬件高度发展普及的今天，用户界面已成为提升用户体验和产品效用的主要手段。

但是，虚拟现实技术的出现给传统用户界面带来了极大的挑战。虚拟现实技术以沉浸感、交互性和构想性等特点，能够给用户带来身临的感官体验。与此相对，虚拟现实环境中的界面设计仍沿用以WIMP界面范式为代表的二维用户界面研究方法和理论，缺乏对三维环境本身特征和用户模型的梳理总结，未能形成成熟的设计方法和工具。

本文以构建基于智能交互VR场景下三维界面可视化开发工具为目标，首先基于对VR环境中三维用户界面特征的探索分析，结合对三维环境下交互特征的研究结论，将其构成形式规划为可视系统和事件系统，进而归纳出一套详细的基于组件三维的用户界面设计方案。其中，对预制UI组件的构成规划是本文创新重点所在。其次，利用Unity引擎完成对于该方案主体内容的功能实现，针对设计方案要点对用户预期操作流程进行规划，吸收传统用户界面开发工具交互优势，将对既有功能进行可视化面板构建并完成交互优化。结合智能交互方法中使用广泛的手势交互，丰富了开发工具的操作方式，极大地提升了用户的交互效率。

本文研究成果能够在VR环境中快速实现基础三维用户界面的设计开发，可以进行后期功能升级与性能优化，具有广阔的应用前景。同时，本文提出的设计方案对于三维界面的探索研究具有重要的参考价值。

关键词：三维用户界面，虚拟现实，Unity，UI组件，手势交互

ABSTRACT

With the development of computer technology, User interface, as the medium of information transmission between human and digital system, has also changed from obscure and complex to intuitive and easy-to-use, which has greatly reduced the cognitive-friction and learning cost of users.Nowadays, with the development and popularization of computer hardware, user interface has become the primary means to improve user experience and product utility.

However, the emergence of virtual reality technology has brought great challenges to traditional User interface.Virtual reality technology, with its characteristics of immersion, interactivity and imagination, can provide users with hands-on sensory experience.In contrast, the interface design in virtual reality environment still follows the research method and theory of 2D user interface represented by the WIMP interface paradigm, lacks the analysis and summary of the characteristics of 3D environment and user model, also fails to form mature design methods and tools.

To achieve the goal of developing an editor of 3D interface which based on intelligent interactive in VR scene, this research, first of all, based on the characteristics of 3D user interface in the VR environment analysis, and combining with the characteristics of interactive 3D environment of research conclusion, divide its form into two parts: visual system and event system. Then summed up a set of detailed component based 3D user interface design.Among them, the composition planning of prefabricated UI components is the innovation focus of this paper.Secondly, use the Unity engine to complete the realization of the function of the main content of the scheme, plan the user's expected operation flow according to the key points of the design scheme, absorb the interactive advantages of traditional user interface development tools, build the visual panel for the accomplished functions and proceed the interactive optimization.Combined with the gesture interaction, which is used widely among the intelligent interaction method, it enriches the operation mode of the development tool and greatly improves the interaction efficiency of users.

The achievement of this research can quickly realize the design and development of basic 3d user interface in VR environment, and can be upgraded or optimized in function and performance in the later stage.At the same time, the design scheme proposed in this paper has important reference value for the exploration and research of 3D user interface.

KEYWORDS: 3D user interface, Virtual reality, Unity, UI components, Gesture interaction

目 录

摘 要 Ⅰ

ABSTRACT Ⅱ

第一章 绪论 1

1.1课题研究背景 1

1.1.1用户界面 1

1.1.2虚拟现实技术 1

1.1.3VR环境中的用户界面 2

1.2课题研究目的和意义 3

1.3课题研究内容与路线 3

1.3.1 研究内容 3

1.3.2 研究路线 4

第二章 用户界面范式及开发工具的研究 7

2.1用户界面范式的研究 7

2.1.1 WIMP界面范式 7

2.1.2 VR用户界面特征提取 7

2.2 Unity GUI系统的研究 9

2.2.1 Unity GUI系统发展状况 9

2.2.2 Unity GUI系统优势分析 9

2.2.3 VR环境中 Unity GUI系统应用情况 10

2.3 本章小结 11

第三章 VR环境中三维用户界面的设计方案 12

3.1 三维用户界面的总体设计方案 12

3.2 基本三维UI组件的设计方案 14

3.2.1 组件的基本参数 14

3.2.2 模型的材质参数 15

3.2.3 经典三维UI组件 16

3.2.4 全新三维UI组件 20

3.3本章小结 25

第四章 VR环境中三维用户界面开发工具的功能实现 26

4.1 UI组件设计方案的实现 26

4.1.1 UI组件的存放方式 26

4.1.2 总体方位设计的实现 26

4.1.3 子物体设计的实现 27

4.2 布局方案设计的实现 30

4.2.1 锁定操作轴的实现 31

4.2.2 跟随功能的实现 31

4.3 单个事件响应设计的实现 32

4.4本章小结 32

第五章 VR环境中三维用户界面开发工具的交互研究 33

5.1 三维用户界面开发工具的操作流程 33

5.2 可视化面板的设计 34

5.2.1 面板的划分与显示 34

5.2.2 面板的展开、切换和关闭 36

5.2.3 面板的交互动效 37

5.3 手势交互的设计 38

5.3.1 组件的创建和删除 39

5.3.2 组件的激活和锁定 39

5.3.3 组件的移动和缩放 40

5.3.4 锁定操作轴 41

5.3.5 对面板内容的交互 42

5.4本章小结 43

第六章 VR场景中三维用户界面设计实例 44

6.1三维用户界面实例背景介绍 44

6.2三维用户界面实例流程展示 44

6.2.1组件编辑 44

6.2.2事件添加 44

6.2.3布局编辑 45

6.2.4 退出编辑模式 45

第七章 总结与展望 47

7.1 研究总结 47

7.2 研究展望 47

参考文献 48

致 谢 50

1. 绪论

1.1课题研究背景

1.1.1用户界面

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