论文总字数：30653字

摘 要

本研究采集了白洋淀地区12个点位的沉积物并对其进行处理分析，在所检测的20种有机氯农药中，有10种有机氯农药组分被检出，分别是α-HCH，β-HCH，γ-HCH，δ-HCH，p,p'-DDT，艾氏剂，狄氏剂，硫丹硫酸盐，异狄氏剂酮和甲氧DDT。其中HCHs和狄氏剂占比较大，其浓度分别为：HCHs为nd-11.02 ng•g^-1（nd为未检出），平均浓度6.43 ng•g^-1；狄氏剂为nd-19.83 ng•g^-1，平均浓度为5.08 ng•g^-1。总有机氯农药的浓度为nd-52.45 ng•g^-1，平均浓度为16.12 ng•g^-1。HCHs中各组分的占比呈现为γ-HCHgt;α-HCHgt;β-HCHgt;δ-HCH，这说明该地区HCHs的来源为该地区存在新的林丹输入。同时，本研究也检测了样品中的多氯联苯，结果显示在这12个采样点中共检出了24种多氯联苯，总PCB的浓度在2-58 ng•g^-1间，平均20.04 ng•g^-1。在这些多氯联苯的单体中，一氯联苯和二氯联苯占了主要的部分，占比分别为37.87%和20.22%。三氯联苯、四氯联苯、五氯联苯、六氯联苯、七氯联苯分别占比为10.66%、8.70%、4.49%、11.75%、4.72%。九氯联苯占比最小，为1.60%。八氯联苯和十氯联苯未检出。利用沉积物质量基准法（SQGs）对沉积物中的有机氯污染物进行风险评估，结果显示，白洋淀地区的主要有机氯污染物成分的浓度水平很大部分都处在ERL和ERM之间，对生态环境造成了潜在的威胁。白洋淀的有机氯农药污染水平在全国范围内处于中等水平，还需要采取相应的措施，进一步改善白洋淀的生态环境。

关键词： 有机氯农药；多氯联苯；白洋淀；沉积物；来源分析；风险评估

Abstract

In the study, we sampled and analyzed sediments from 12 sites in Lake Baiyangdian, China. Of the 20 OCPs detected , 10 OCPs were found in these samplings: α-HCH,β-HCH,γ-HCH,δ-HCH, p,p'-DDT, Aldrin, Dieldrin, Endosulfan sulfate, Endrin ketone and methoxychlor. The main components were HCHs and dieldrin, whose concentrations were respectively nd-11.02 ng·g^-1 (nd:not detected), 6.43 ng·g^-1 in average and nd-19.83 ng·g^-1 , 5.08 ng·g^-1 in average. The concentration of ΣOCPs was nd-52.45 ng·g^-1 and the average concentration was 16.12 ng·g^-1. The proportion of each component in HCHs is γ-HCHgt;α-HCHgt;β-HCHgt;δ-HCH, indicating that there was a new lindane input in the area recently. Meanwhile, 24 kinds of PCBs component were detected in the study. Concentrations of ΣPCBs were ranged from 2- 58 ng•g^-1 and the average of these concentrations was 20.04 ng•g^-1. The dominant PCB congeners were monochlorobiphenyls and dichlorobiphenyls, which accounted for 37.87% and 20.22% of the total mass, respectively. In addition, tri- to hepta- chlorobiphenyls accounted for 10.66%、8.70%、4.49%、11.75% and 4.72%, respectively. The lowest was nonachlorobiphenyls, which only accounted for 1.60% in total mass. Octa- and deca chlorobiphenyls were not detected. Using the Sediment Quality Guidelines(SQGs) to access the risk of OCPs and PCBs in sediments, we could draw a conclusion that most of the components were between the level of ERL(Effect Range Low) and ERM(Effect Range Median), which really had a threat to the environment in Lake Baiyangdain. The pollution level of OCPs and PCBs in Lake Baiyangdian is moderate all over the world. However, measures must be taken to further improve the environment of Baiyangdian Lake.

Keywords: Organochlorine Pesticides, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Lake Baiyangdain , Sediment , source apportionment , Risk assessment

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

目录 III

第一章 绪论 4

1.1 有机氯污染物概述 4

1.1.1 有机氯污染物结构与性质 4

1.1.2 环境中有机氯污染物来源 4

1.1.3 底泥中有机氯污染物污染现状 4

1.2 环境中有机氯污染物污染研究进展 5

1.2.1 有机氯污染物在环境中的迁移转化 5

1.2.2 有机氯污染物在底泥中的分布特征 6

1.2.3 有机氯污染物污染风险评价 7

1.3 研究思路及内容 8

1.3.1 研究目的和意义 8

1.3.2 研究内容 8

第二章 材料与方法 10

2.1 研究区域概况 10

2.2 样品采集 11

2.3 仪器与试剂 12

2.4 样品前处理 12

2.5 气相色谱分析 12

2.6 样品质量控制 13

第三章 白洋淀沉积物中有机氯污染物分布及来源浅析 14

3.1 沉积物中有机氯污染物分布情况 14

3.2 沉积物中有机氯污染物来源分析 20

3.3 沉积物中有机氯污染物风险评价 22

3.4 本章小结 23

第四章 结论与建议 25

4.1 结论 25

4.2 建议 25

致谢 27

参考文献 28

绪论

有机氯污染物概述

有机氯污染物结构与性质

常见的有机氯污染物有有机氯农药（OCPs）和多氯联苯（PCBs）。

有机氯农药（OCPs）具有高效的杀虫效果从而被广泛地应用于农业生产的防虫害工作之中。有机氯农药有很多种组分，例如六氯己烷，即HCHs（其异构体主要有α-HCH，β-HCH，γ-HCH,δ-HCH）和双对氯苯基三氯乙烷，即DDTs（其同分异构体主要有p,p’-DDT , p,p’-DDD , p,p’-DDE , o,p’-DDT等）。

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