论文总字数：36998字

摘 要

本毕业设计以市政污泥减量化、稳定化与资源化为研究目标，提出一种新型的污泥生物裂解——厌氧消化耦合工艺并进行其运行机制研究。该工艺基于已开发的噬菌型微生物污泥生物裂解脱水减量技术研究基础，结合厌氧消化处理工艺设计，调控经生物裂解后污泥的进一步水解酸化过程，监测中间产物挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）的产量与组成丰度变化，确定最优生物裂解污泥投加配比，从而验证污泥生物裂解——厌氧消化耦合工艺提高污泥厌氧消化效率、提取消化液作为补充碳源的资源利用可行性以及污泥减量与卫生安全性能提高的潜能。

通过对厌氧接种污泥与裂解污泥投加比例为1：1、1：2、1：3的混合污泥进行15天的静态中温（35±1度）厌氧水解酸化培养与监测，结果表明，增大厌氧接种泥/裂解污泥中裂解污泥的比例，有利于加快系统水解酸化的速率，pH的下降幅度明显提高，当比例为1：3时，最大pH下降量为0.56，，挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）的累积量最高达到720mg/L。因此，污泥的生物裂解前处理有助于提高后续污泥厌氧消化效率。

在1：3的最优接种泥与污泥混合比例下，进行原始剩余污泥与经生物裂解预处理污泥厌氧消化效率的对比试验，结果显示，污泥生物裂解能够有效促进胞内有机物的释放，SCOD的含量最高达到1661.1mg/L，溶解性蛋白质的含量最高达到89.7mg/L，溶解性多糖的含量最高达到178.4mg/L，从而提升厌氧消化效率，提高挥发性脂肪酸的产量，峰值达到554.3mg/L。

同时，进行热水解和生物裂解两种预处理方式的对比研究，发现两种方法均能达到污泥裂解的效果，与空白组对照，均能提高液相中的溶解性COD、溶解性蛋白质及溶解性多糖的含量，其中，溶解性COD的含量由22.8mg/L升高至39.1mg/L，增长率为71.5%；溶解性多糖的含量由7.9mg/L升高至14.9mg/L，增长率为89.0%。故污泥生物裂解——厌氧消化耦合工艺可以有效对污泥进行减量化、稳定化、资源化处理

根据实验结果以及10000m³/d的设计规模进行污泥处理的工程设计，主要设计计算了二沉池、浓缩池、裂解池、厌氧消化池和污泥脱水间一系列构筑物的结构尺寸。

关键词：市政污泥，生物裂解，厌氧消化，挥发性脂肪酸，减量与资源化

Abstract

This graduation design aims at sludge dewatering and resource recovery and utilization, and puts forward a new coupling process of sludge bio-cracking and anaerobic digestion, and studies its operation mechanism. This process is based on the research foundation of the developed sludge bio-cracking dehydration reduction technology of phagemid microorganisms, and cooperates with its subsequent anaerobic digestion process design to regulate and control the further hydrolysis and acidification process of sludge after bio - cracking, monitor the composition abundance change of intermediate volatile fatty acid ( VFA ) and optimize the process parameters, thus deeply discussing the potential of improving the anaerobic digestion efficiency of sludge coupled with the bio-cracking process, the feasibility of utilizing digestion liquor as a supplementary carbon source, and the improvement of sludge dehydration reduction and health and safety performance.

After 15 days of static hydrolysis and acidification of mixed sludge with anaerobic inoculation sludge / cracked sludge ratio of 1: 1, 1: 2 and 1: 3, the effects of two sludge ratios on increasing COD dissolution, improving the utilization efficiency of soluble polysaccharides and proteins, enhancing the accumulation of volatile fatty acids ( VFA ) and the reduction in moderate temperature anaerobic digestion were studied. The results show that increasing the ratio of anaerobic inoculated sludge to cracked sludge was conducive to accelerating the rate of hydrolysis and acidification of the system, and the dissolution of COD was significantly increased, the utilization efficiency of soluble polysaccharides and proteins was improved, and the accumulation of volatile fatty acids ( VFA ) shows obvious enhancement. Therefore, increasing the proportion of cracked sludge in mixed sludge will help to further improve the efficiency of anaerobic digestion.

In addition, under the optimal mixing ratio of 1: 3, a comparative experiment of anaerobic digestion of sludge from secondary sedimentation tank and cracked sludge was carried out. The results showwuni that cracked sludge could effectively promote the release of intracellular organic matter, thus achieving the pretreatment effect, further improving the anaerobic digestion efficiency and increasing the yield of volatile fatty acids(VFA).

At the same time, the comparative study of two pretreatment methods of hot water hydrolysis and biological cracking showed that both methods could achieve the wall-breaking effect, and compared with the blank group, both methods could improve the content of SCOD, soluble protein and soluble polysaccharide in liquid phase. However, from the results, the effect of hot water hydrolysis is better. The optimal parameters of sludge biological cracking need to be further explored.

According to the experimental results and the design scale of 10,000 m³ / d, the engineering design of sludge treatment is carried out. the structural dimensions of a series of structures in the secondary sedimentation tank, concentration tank, cracking tank, anaerobic digestion tank and sludge dewatering room are mainly designed and calculated.

KEY WORDS: Municipal Sludge, Bio-cracking, Anaerobic Digestion, Volatile Fatty Acid, Decrement And Resource Utilization

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.1.1 污泥处理处置现状 1

1.1.2 污泥减量化及稳定化技术 1

1.2 污泥生物裂解概述 2

1.2.1 蛭弧菌生理生化特性 2

1.2.2 蛭弧菌目前在污泥减量方面的应用 3

1.3 污泥厌氧消化概述 3

1.3.1 厌氧消化机理及四阶段理论 3

1.3.2 厌氧消化预处理方式 4

1.3.3 厌氧消化的资源化研究现状 5

1.4 研究意义及主要内容 6

1.4.1 研究意义与目的 6

1.4.2 主要研究内容 6

1.5 技术路线图 7

第二章 实验材料与方法 8

2.1 实验材料 8

2.1.1 剩余污泥 8

2.1.2 厌氧接种污泥 8

2.1.3 噬菌微生物菌种 8

2.2 实验装置 8

2.3 试验设计 9

2.3.1 污泥生物裂解 9

2.3.2 不同污泥配比厌氧试验 9

2.3.3 生物裂解污泥与原始剩余污泥厌氧消化对比实验 9

2.3.4 污泥破解预处理效果对比实验 9

2.4 分析方法 10

2.4.1 含固率 10

2.4.2 挥发性脂肪酸（VFA） 10

2.4.3 其他常规指标 10

2.5 主要仪器 10

第三章 厌氧接种污泥/裂解污泥进料比例对厌氧消化产酸的影响 11

3.1 实验说明 11

3.2 结果与讨论 11

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