刑事有限先理原则的确立及展开——基于行政执法与刑事司法程序衔接的观察

论文总字数：22319字

摘 要

行政执法和刑事司法都是解决个人如何向国家承担公法上责任的程序。由于两者执法主体，处理内容和方式的不同，因此必须解决处理好两者的关系，即解决两者的衔接问题。学界对这一问题普遍主张刑事优先原则，早年的立法模式也受此理论的影响。但随着实践的不断发展，在一些新出台的司法判例和地方性法规，逐渐突破了这一理论的范畴，发展出了一种新的刑事有限先理的原则：即基于公共利益或是当事人权利保护的需要，在坚持涉嫌犯罪的案件，必须移送司法机关的前提下，要求行政机关不停止行政执法程序的进行和特定种类行政处罚决定的作出。

对于实践中这些新的发展，学界尚未有详细地研究和探讨，其中的基本原则、制度建设都处于空白状态，这也导致实践中的具体制度的建设仍然缺乏理论的支撑，因此对行刑衔接程序中的原则和制度的研究，显得格外必要。

文章第一部分，将探讨行刑衔接问题产生的制度上和实践中的原因，总结并分析学界传统理论刑事先理原则的内涵和外延，同时分时间阶段梳理行刑衔接制度所涉及的理论和法律法规，并且反思刑事优先这一原则在实践适用中，已经出现和可能发生的问题。如影响行政效率，不利于证据收集和保存等。通过对刑事优先原则的研究，为后文中更具合理性的刑事有限先理原则的研究提供铺垫和理论基础。

文章第二部分，从不同于学界理论观点的全新的司法判例和立法例出发，廓清立法、司法实践中发展出的“刑事有限先理”原则的概念和内涵，将之与传统理论的“刑事先理”原则进行比较，梳理其创新点，特别是思考“有限先理”体现的内容和精神，最后并分析其在实践运用上的优势。

文章第三部分，将以刑事有限先理原则为指导，展开设计论述其具体涉及到的制度内容，从实体处罚措施的作出、衔接程序的安排、保障制度如信息共享平台、移送监督等角度，架构在刑事有限先理原则指导下，一套更加科学合理的行政执法与刑事司法衔接体系。

关键词：行刑衔接 刑事优先 刑事有限先理原则

ABSTRACT

Administrative law enforcement and criminal justice are both procedures that address how individuals assume responsibility for public law to the country. Due to the difference in the subjects and contents of the law enforcement of the two parties, it is necessary to resolve the convergence between the two, that is, to deal with the above-mentioned problems. The academic community generally recognizes the principle of “absolutely” criminal priority. The early legislative model was also influenced by this theory. However, with the continuous development of practice, some newly issued judicial precedents and legislations and regulations have gradually broken through the restriction of this theory and developed a principle of criminal precedent: based on the public interest or the protection of the rights of the parties. The needs on the one hand, on the premise of requiring the transfer of cases suspected of committing crimes to the judicial organs, on the other hand, require the administrative agencies not to stop the execution of administrative law enforcement procedures and to make specific types of administrative penalties.

For these new developments in practice, the academic community has not studied and discussed in detail. The basic principles and system construction have been left blank. This has led to the construction of concrete systems in practice. Therefore, the principles in the execution of the execution of punishment The study of institutions and institutions seems particularly necessary.

In the first part of the article, we will discuss the causes of institutional and practical problems arising from the implementation of criminal convergence, study the principle of criminal precedence in traditional academic theories, analyze its connotation and extension, and sort out the theories and laws and regulations involved in the implementation of the linking system in time. And to reflect on the principle of criminal priority in the application of practice, problems that have emerged and may occur and deficiencies, such as affecting administrative efficiency, is not conducive to evidence collection and preservation. By studying the principle of criminal priority, it provides the groundwork and theoretical basis for the study of the more rational principles of criminal precedents in the following text.

In the second part of the article, starting from the newer jurisprudence and legislative examples that are different from the theoretical viewpoints of academic circles, the concept and connotation of the principle of “criminal limited precedents” developed in legislation and judicial practice are clarified and compared with the traditional theory. The principle of “criminal precedence” is compared and its advantages in practical application are analyzed.

The third part of the article will be guided by the principle of the principle of limited criminal precedents, and discuss the specific institutional aspects of the system, from the point of view of the making of physical penalties, the arrangement of the linking procedure, the protection system, such as information sharing platform, and supervision of transfer. Under the guidance of the principle of criminal limited precedents, a more scientific and rational system of administrative law enforcement and criminal justice convergence.

Keywords: connection of criminal and administrative procedure, principle of criminal priority, principle of limited criminal precedent priority

目 录

一、序言 1

二、刑事先理原则概念的界定和反思 2

（一）概念的界定 2

（二）制度的沿革 2

1、分散立法的起步阶段 2

2、集中立法的发展阶段 3

（三）理论的反思 3

1、刑罚的制裁并非必然严于行政处罚 3

2、价值取向与目标不同 4

3、阻碍行政目标的实现 4

三、刑事有限先理原则的提出和展开 5

（一）原则的提出 5

1、实践的发展 5

2、有限先理原则概念的界定 6

（二）有限先理原则合理性之证成 7

1、制裁手段多样化 7

2、证据收集专业化 7

3、程序进展有序化 8

四、刑事有限先理原则下的规则完善 9

（一）处罚规则 9

（二）移送程序 9

（三）保障制度 10

1.建立信息共享平台 10

2.完善移送监督 11

五、总结 12

参考文献 13

致谢 14

剩余内容已隐藏，请支付后下载全文，论文总字数：22319字