包埋固定化活性污泥处理氨氮废水的效果研究

论文总字数：24842字

摘 要

当前高浓度的氨氮工业废水逐渐占据了氮排放总量的一半以上，传统的生物脱氮方法对于这一类废水的处理效率往往难以达标。如何高效且经济地去除含高浓度氨氮的工业废水是当前国内废水处理领域的一大难题。因此，本论文围绕提高氨氮去除效率的关键问题，通过改变制备条件、配方等得到制备包埋固定化活性污泥颗粒的最优方案，并将活性污泥和包埋颗粒分别加入不同SBR反应器，对比包埋固定化活性污泥法与传统活性污泥法的氨氮去除效果差异。在聚乙烯醇浓度10％，海藻酸钠浓度0.5％以及交联时间20 h时能够得到最佳性能的包埋固定化活性污泥颗粒。通过优化制备过程，使包埋颗粒具有良好的化学稳定性、机械强度和传质性能。在包埋颗粒SBR反应器中重新投入一定量的活性污泥包埋颗粒后，包埋颗粒的平均氨氮去除效率较传统活性污泥高2.48％，并且在提高进水氨氮浓度时，包埋颗粒具有更好的抗冲击负荷能力与适应能力。

关键词：活性污泥，包埋固定化，氨氮去除

Study on Ammonia Removal Effect of Immobilized Activated Sludge

Abstract

High concentration of ammonia industrial wastewater accounts for more than half of the total nitrogen emissions now. The traditional biological nitrogen removal methods often fail to meet the sewage discharge standards. How to efficiently and economically remove the high concentration industrial ammonia wastewater is a major problem in current domestic wastewater treatment field. Therefore, this paper focused on improving the ammonia removal efficiency. By adjusting the preparation conditions and formulations, the optimal solution for preparing immobilized activated sludge particles was obtained. The activated sludge and immobilized particles were added to different SBR reactors. The ammonia removal effect between the immobilized particles and the traditional activated sludge process was compared. The optimum performance of immobilized particles was under the condition of 10% polyvinyl alcohol, 0.5% sodium alginate and crosslinking of 20 hours. Good chemical stability, high mechanical strength and good mass transfer performance was obtained by optimizing the preparation process of immobilized particles. After re-adding of immobilized particles in the SBR reactor, the average ammonia removal efficiency of the embedded particles was 2.48% higher than that of the conventional activated sludge. And when the influent ammonia concentration was increased, the immobilized particles were very capable of resistance shocking.

Key words: Activated sludge, Immobilization, Ammonia Removal

目 录

摘要……………………………………………………………………………………I

Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………II

第一章 绪 论………………………………………………………………………1

1.1 水体氮污染与传统生物脱氮…..……………..……………………….……1

1.1.1 水体中氮污染分析....………………………………………….…… 1

1.1.2 传统生物脱氮方法....…………………………………………….… 1

1.2 固定化微生物技术… …………………………………………..…………..2

1.2.1固定化微生物技术的概述...…………………………………………2

1.2.2 固定化微生物技术的研究与发展…………………………….…… 2

1.3 制备包埋固定化活性污泥...………………………………………….…… 3

1.3.1 包埋载体的选择………………………………………………….… 3

1.3.2 制备包埋颗粒的方案..………………………………………………4

1.4 国内外包埋固定化技术研究进展与现状...…………………………….… 4

1.5 实验的内容、目的和意义.…………………………………………………5

1.5.1 实验内容...………………………………………………………..… 5

1.5.2 实验的目的和意义....………………………………………….…… 6

第二章 活性污泥的驯化培养………………………………………………………7

2.1 仪器设备与试剂药品…………………………………………………….…7

2.2 驯化活性污泥的材料...………………………………………………….… 8

2.2.1模拟废水的配制.……………………………………………..………8

2.2.2 SBR反应器的设计.…………………………………………….……8

2.2.3其它条件的准备.…………………………………………………..…9

2.3 驯化活性污泥的方法...…………………………………………………..…9

2.3.1 投加初始活性污泥....…………………………………………….… 9

2.3.2 活性污泥各项运行条件..……………………………………………9

2.4 检测水质的方法.………………………………………………………...… 9

2.4.1 pH和溶解氧的检测…………………………………………….……9

2.4.2 氨氮的检测..……………………………………………………..…10

2.4.3 亚硝氮的检测………………………………………………….…...10

2.4.4 硝态氮的检测...………………………………………………..…...11

2.5驯化培养的效果 ………………………………………………………..…12

2.5.1驯化培养的效果.……………………………………………….…...12

2.5.2 亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的生成情况....…………………….……….…..13

2.5.3 氨氮去除率……………………………………………….…….…..14

2.6活性污泥驯化阶段总结………………………………………………..…..14

第三章 包埋固定化活性污泥颗粒的制备………………………………………..15

3.1 包埋材料的准备 ……………………………………………………..…...15

3.2 包埋颗粒的制备 ……………………………………………………….....15

3.2.1 活性污泥的浓缩…………………………………………………....15

3.2.2 聚乙烯醇凝胶的制备..……………………………………………..15

3.2.3 溶液混合及交联剂的制备.………………………………………...15

3.2.4 包埋固定化交联……………………………………………….…...15

3.2.5 交联后续 ………………………………………………………......16

3.3 制备包埋颗粒总结与改进 …………………………………………….…17

第四章 包埋颗粒制备的优化 ……………………………………………………18

4.1 实验计划与方案...……………………………………………………..…18

4.2 实验的结果与讨论…………………………………………………….…18

4.2.1 聚乙烯醇浓度对包埋颗粒性能的影响……………………………18

4.2.2 海藻酸钠浓度对包埋颗粒性能的影响……………………………19

4.2.3 交联时间对包埋颗粒性能的影响...…………………………….…19

4.2.4 其他因素对包埋颗粒性能的影响...…………………………….…20

4.3 优化制备包埋颗粒阶段总结...………………………………………....…20

第五章 包埋固定化活性污泥颗粒的表征 ………………………………………21

5.1 前言……………………………………………………………………..… 21

5.2 包埋颗粒表征的实验过程 ………………………………………….……21

5.2.1 实验各项操作..…………………………………………………..…21

5.2.2 包埋颗粒的表观特性………………………………………………21

5.2.3 包埋颗粒的密度….…………………………………………..…… 22

5.2.4 包埋颗粒的机械强度与稳定性….……………………………...…22

5.2.5 包埋颗粒的的弹性 ………….……………………………….....…22

5.2.6 包埋颗粒的粘连性 …………….……………………………….…22

5.2.7包埋颗粒的成球性 ………………..…………………………….…22

5.2.8 包埋颗粒的传质性能 ………………………..……………………23

5.2.9 包埋颗粒的化学稳定性 ………………….……………………… 23

5.3 包埋颗粒表征小结……………………………………………………...…23

第六章 包埋颗粒与活性污泥处理氨氮废水的对比 ……………………………24

6.1 实验计划 ………………………………………….…………………....…24

6.2 实验结果…………………………………………………….……………24

6.2.1 初始五日实验结果对比 ……………………………….………… 24

6.2.2 中途思考与改进………………………………………………...… 26

6.2.3 中期十日实验结果对比………………………………………...… 26

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