论文总字数：26505字

摘 要

甩挂运输近年来开始盛行，由于牵引车不需要等待装卸，货运运输效率远高于传统运输方式，这为解决国内货运运输效率低而成本高、空载率高等问题提供了一个途径。想要开展合理的甩挂运输必须需要理论的指导，目前对于甩挂运输的研究主要方向是对车辆调度问题的研究，目的在于通过模型的建立和算法的设计来规划合理的车辆运输路径以达到一定的目标如成本最低，路径最短等，从而提高运输效率，降低运输成本。但是目前国内对于理论的研究水平仍有待提高。

本文旨在通过对甩挂运输组织模式的分析，结合车辆调度问题的研究，以算例为例进行甩挂运输组织设计，提出具体的甩挂运输流程方案并且通过结果分析证实方案的可行性。首先，本文对国内外甩挂运输的研究进行了总结，并对国内甩挂运输发展、政策现状进行了分析，提出了研究的重难点和本文的技术路线图。然后，本文对甩挂运输的相关理论进行了介绍，包括甩挂运输的基本概念、甩挂运输的基本组织模式和车辆调度问题概述。在此基础上，明确在以集装箱港口为中心的前提下进行甩挂运输的运输网络和路径特点，以此建立数学模型，并设计算法。最后引入一个算例进行计算，将最后的运输结果与初始的运输结果进行比较以证明方案的可行性和建立的模型、设计的算法的有效性。

本文重点介绍的解决车辆调度问题所建立的模型和设计的算法对于各个港口解决实际问题具有一定的指导意义。

关键词：甩挂运输，集装箱港口，组织设计，车辆调度

Abstract

Drop and pull transportation has become popular in recent years because tractors do not need to wait for loading and unloading, and the transportation efficiency is much higher than traditional transportation methods. This provides a direction for solving the problems of low domestic freight transportation efficiency, high cost, and high no-load rate. To carry out reasonable drop and pull transportation must require theoretical guidance. At present, the main research direction for the drop and pull transport is the study of the vehicle scheduling problem. The purpose is to plan a reasonable vehicle transportation path through the establishment of the model and the design of the algorithm. Improve transport efficiency and reduce transportation costs. However, the current domestic research level for theories still needs to be improved.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the structure of the drop and pull transport organization and combine with the study of vehicle scheduling problems. The example of the drop and pull transport organization is designed as an example. A specific drop and pull transport process scheme is proposed and the feasibility of the scheme is verified by the results analysis. First of all, this paper summarizes the domestic and international studies on the drop and pull transportation of the domestic and foreign, and analyzes the status quo of the development of domestic suspension transportation and the policy, and puts forward the research difficulties and the technical roadmap of this article. Then, the paper introduces the relevant theories of the drop and pull transportation, including the basic concepts of the drop and pull transportation, the basic organization mode of the drop and pull transportation, and the vehicle scheduling problems. On this basis, it is clear that the transport network and path characteristics of drop-and-hook transport under the premise of taking the container port as the center, in order to establish a mathematical model, and design algorithms. Finally, a calculation example is introduced to compare the final transportation results with the initial transportation results to prove the feasibility of the solution and the validity of the established model and the designed algorithm.

The model and design algorithm established to solve the vehicle scheduling problem that this article focuses on have certain guiding significance for each port to solve practical problems.

Keywords: Drop and pull transport, Container Port, Organization design, Vehicle scheduling

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景及意义 1

1.1.1研究背景 1

1.1.2研究意义 1

1.2国内外研究综述 1

1.2.1国外研究综述 1

1.2.2国内研究综述 2

1.3国内甩挂运输发展发展、政策现状 3

1.3.1国内甩挂运输发展现状 3

1.3.2国内甩挂运输政策现状 3

1.4研究重点和难点 4

1.4.1研究重点 4

1.4.2研究难点 5

1.5论文研究技术路线图 5

第二章 甩挂运输相关理论综述 6

2.1甩挂运输简介 6

2.1.1甩挂运输概念 6

2.1.2甩挂运输开展的基本条件 6

2.1.3甩挂运输体系 7

2.1.4甩挂运输的优势 8

2.2甩挂运输基本组织模式 9

2.2.1一线两点，两端（一端）甩挂 9

2.2.2循环甩挂 10

2.2.3一线多点，沿途甩挂 10

2.2.4多线一点，轮流甩挂 10

2.2.5滚装（驼背）甩挂运输 11

2.3车辆调度问题概述 11

2.3.1车辆调度问题定义 11

2.3.2车辆调度问题分类 12

2.3.3车辆调度的目的 13

2.4本章小结 13

第三章 以集装箱港口为中心的甩挂运输车辆调度模型研究 14

3.1问题描述 14

3.1.1运输网络描述 14

3.1.2运输路径描述 15

3.2车辆调度模型的建立 16

3.2.1模型假设 16

3.2.2模型建立 16

3.2.3参数说明 17

3.2.4惩罚成本函数 18

3.3模型求解算法 18

3.3.1算法简介 18

3.3.2算法原理 19

3.3.3算法步骤 20

3.4本章小结 21

第四章 案例分析 22

4.1案例引入 22

4.2实例计算 24

4.3结果分析 31

4.4本章小结 32

第五章 总结与展望 33

5.1总结 33

5.2展望 33

致 谢 34

参考文献 35

第一章 绪论

1.1研究背景及意义

1.1.1研究背景

“十三五”以来，随着国民经济快速发展，道路运输基础设施设备不断完善，互联网等技术的应用于发展，我国道路运输行业得到了巨大的发展。但是与此同时，我国道路运输行业也面临着货主和车主信息不对称、车辆空驶率高、经济规模化效益不高等问题。随着社会中可持续发展、绿色物流的呼声越来越高，这促使着我们去寻找一种满足当代货运需求的运输方式。

近年来，甩挂运输因其具有车辆周转快、效率高、成本低、节能减排效果好等优点在我国运输业中开始盛行。通过利用甩挂运输，不仅除去了牵引车等待货物装卸的时间，提高了运输效率，而且在油耗减少方面也具有很大的优势。

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