自来水厂反冲洗铝污泥用于污水厂尾水除磷试验

 2021-12-20 20:19:18

论文总字数:31894字

摘 要

随着社会不断发展,以及城市化进程的不断推进,城市生活用水成为越来越严峻的世界性问题。从上个世纪90年代起,随着水资源问题的进一步加剧,对城市给水厂滤池反冲洗废水的回收再利用的研究逐渐兴起。本文围绕给水厂含铝反冲洗废水回用展开研究。

在课题第一阶段,探究了给水厂滤池反冲洗废水用于污水厂尾水深度除磷的可行性。结果表明:反冲洗废水最佳沉降时间为30min,此时污泥含水率为98.2%。反冲洗废水的上清液、混合液及沉降污泥均有除磷效果,但是效果不明显。经深入研究发现,原因在于反冲洗废水本身含磷,而水厂使用的混凝剂就是磷源所在。

在课题第二阶段,对江苏省部分水厂混凝剂使用情况展开调研。通过对混凝剂和反冲洗废水成分分析,结果发现:绝大部分水厂使用的是化学废液回收制作的混凝剂,反冲洗废水中的磷来源于水厂混凝剂,而反冲洗废水是直排河流,这对地表河流水体是极大的污染源。通过对比分析,每天流入长江流域南京段TP含量为275.4927kg,约为排放一级A标准污水550吨;每天流入太湖流域丹金溧漕河与武宜运河段TP含量为822.13785kg,约为排放一级A标准污水1645吨。

将给水厂滤池含铝反冲洗废水用于污水厂尾水深度除磷的想法很好,对实现废物资源化利用、建立低碳社会有着重要现实意义,但走向实际应用还需要更多研究者的不懈努力。目前,水厂忽视了混凝剂自身含氮磷污染,直排反冲洗废水造成自然水体污染,这值得引起注意并加以改进,比如回收反冲洗废水加以处理后排放。

关键词:反冲洗废水;给水厂;污水厂;磷;铝絮凝剂

Experimental study on aluminum-containing backwash water from Water Supply Plant used in the tail water phosphorus removal of Water Sewage Plant

crop carriers

Southeast University

Student: Qian Jing-ming Supervisor: Fu Da-fang Qin Qing-dong

Abstract

Along with the social development, as well as the advancement of urbanization, urban domestic water become more and more serious global problems. Since the last 90s, with the intensifying of water resources, the research for backwash wastewater recycling of urban water supply plant filter gradually rise. This article revolves around the study for aluminum-containing backwash water wastewater recycling of water supply plant.

In the first stage of the task, explore the feasibility of water supply plant filter back wash waste water used in the tail water deep phosphorus removal of water sewage plant. Results show that the best sedimentation time for backwashing wastewater is 30 mins, the sludge moisture content at this time is 98.2%. Both the supernatant fluid, mixture and settling sludge of backwash wastewater have the phosphorus removal effect, but the effect is not obvious. Through in-depth study, it was found that the reason is that the backwash wastewater itself containing phosphorus, and coagulant that water plant used is the phosphorus source.

In the second stage of the task, conducted survey for the coagulants usage in part of water plant in Jiangsu province. By means of analysis for coagulant and backwash wastewater composition, the results showed that: the vast majority of water plant use coagulant which is made of chemical waste recycling, the phosphorus in the backwash wastewater comes from coagulant used by water plants, and backwash wastewater is straight pour out in the rivers, it would lead to a great pollution to the surface of the river water. Through comparison and analysis, the TP content poured into the Yangtze river every day in Nanjing section is 275.4927 kg, which is about to equal the emission level of 550 tons of sewage in A standard; the TP content poured into the Danjincao River and Wuyi Canal Section every day is 275.4927 kg, which is about to equal the emission level of 1645 tons of sewage in A standard.

It is a good idea for aluminum-containing backwash water in water supply plant filter used in the tail water deep phosphorus removal of water sewage plant, and it has important practical significance for achieving waste resource utilization and establishing low-carbon society, but it needs unremitting efforts towards the actual application. At present, the water plants ignore the coagulant itself containing nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, the straight pouring of backwash wastewater makes pollution for natural water, this is worth attention and needs improvement, such as recycling backwash wastewater the then discharge after processing.

KEY WORDS: backwash water, Water Supply Plant, Water Sewage Plant, phosphorus, aluminum-coagulant

目录

摘要 III

Abstract IV

第1章 绪论 1

1.1滤池反冲洗废水研究概况 1

1.1.1相关研究背景 1

1.1.2国外研究现状 1

1.2给水厂污泥资源化利用研究 3

1.3除磷技术研究概况 4

1.3.1典型混凝除磷技术 4

1.3.2强化混凝除磷技术的研究方向 5

1.4课题的提出及意义 6

1.5课题的主要内容 6

1.5.1实验室试验方案 7

1.5.2现场试验方案 7

第2章 化学除磷剂PAC混凝性能研究 8

2.1实验材料与方法 8

2.1.1实验样品和仪器 8

2.1.2水力条件对混凝效果的影响 8

2.1.3温度对混凝效果的影响 8

2.1.4PAC与其他混凝剂混凝效果的比较 9

2.2结果与讨论 9

2.2.1水力条件对混凝效果的影响 9

2.2.2温度对混凝效果的影响 10

2.2.3混凝剂种类及投加量对混凝效果的影响 10

2.3本章小结 12

第3章 反冲洗废水除磷效果试验研究 13

3.1正交试验方法 13

3.1.1正交试验定义 13

3.1.2试验因素布排 13

3.1.3极差分析 13

3.2试验水质 13

3.3测定项目和方法 14

3.4试验步骤 14

3.4.1TP标准曲线绘制 15

3.4.2反冲洗废水污泥沉降实验 15

3.4.3正交试验 15

3.5实验结果与分析 17

3.5.1 TP标准曲线 17

3.5.2沉降实验分析 18

3.5.3 反冲洗废水除磷正交试验分析 19

3.6本章小结 23

第4章 南京及太湖流域给水厂混凝剂使用状况调查研究 24

4.1南京及太湖流域给水厂情况概述 24

4.1.1水厂分布及制水量 24

4.1.2水厂反冲洗水量及混凝剂使用情况 25

4.2水厂混凝剂及滤池反冲洗废水指标分析 26

4.2.1检测数据 26

4.2.2混凝剂氮磷输入量 27

4.3滤池反冲洗废水对地表河流影响 28

4.3.1长江流域 28

4.3.2太湖流域 29

4.4本章小结 29

第5章 结论与建议 31

5.1结论 31

5.2建议 31

致谢 32

参考文献 33

绪论

1.1滤池反冲洗废水研究概况

1.1.1相关研究背景

随着社会经济和工业文明的不断发展,以及城市化进程的不断推进,城市生活用水成为越来越严峻的世界性问题。从上个世纪90年代起,随着水资源问题的进一步加剧,对城市给水厂滤池反冲洗废水的回收再利用的研究逐渐兴起。本文围绕给水厂含铁铝盐反冲洗废水回用展开研究。

在给水厂生产自来水的过程中,给水厂用已经生产达标的纯净水对滤池进行冲洗,从而产生的废水即为滤池反冲洗废水。据统计,这部分水一般要占到水厂产水量的3%~8%,以往滤池反冲洗水和沉淀池排泥污水一起被排放到附近的江河或城市下水道中,不仅造成了水资源浪费,增加了水厂的生产运营成本,同时增加了污水厂的运行处理负担,而且污水使得地下原水的质量二度污染,自然水体水质加剧恶化,近年来我国的水资源问题越发严重,人均淡水拥有量越来越少,反冲洗废水的回收循环再利用是必然趋势。

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