公交优先信号控制系统运行效果评价方案研究

论文总字数：27597字

摘 要

伴随城镇化进程，城市交通问题日趋严重，在这样的背景之下，全国各地将公共交通的发展放在城市交通发展的首位，开始普遍应用公交优先信号控制系统。科学合理的公交运行评价体系及考核系统，是推动公交发展的重要管理因素。兼具合理性、科学性、系统性以及客观性的城市公交车辆运行评价系统，不仅能成为反映城市公交实时运行状态的必要手段，也是相关部门针对公交优先信号控制系统运行量化指标的辅助考核工具。本文借鉴国内外学者研究的城市公共交通服务水平评价体系，以往的研究总体而言研究偏向于乘客主观感受，运用方法以层次分析法（AHP）、模糊评价法为主，亦有运用LabVIEW等数据采集工具设计公交运行评价系统。本文对这些方法进行提取、容纳，最终设计出了一个基于层次分析法，由交通功能、环境影响、乘客舒适度三个层次组成的评价方案。交通功能由6个指标组成：社会车辆平均车速、公交车辆平均车速、交叉口平均饱和度、交叉口社会车辆平均延误、交叉口公交车辆平均延误、公交出行比重；环境影响包含道路空气质量超标率、交通大气污染饱和度、交通噪声三个指标；乘客舒适度包含高峰满载率、平均候车时间以及公交准点率三个指标。在确定各指标权重后，分别探讨了各指标的评价标准，最终得出一个简单易操作的公交优先信号控制系统运行效果评价方案。

关键词：公共交通；公交优先；评价系统；层次分析法

Abstract

Along with the urbanization process, urban traffic problems become increasingly serious, in this context, all over the country will be the development of public transport in urban traffic development first, began to widespread application of bus priority signal control system. Scientific and reasonable bus operation evaluation system and assessment system are important management factors to promote bus development. With rationality, scientific, systematic, and objective evaluation system of city bus operation, not only can become a necessary means to reflect the city bus real-time running state, and the relevant departments for bus priority signal control system to run quantitative indicators of auxiliary examination tool. Scholars at home and abroad, this paper studies the urban public transport service level evaluation system, in the past study in general prefer to passengers, subjective feeling, using the method with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy evaluation method is given priority to, also have bus run using LabVIEW data acquisition tools such as design evaluation system. This paper extracts and accommodates these methods, and finally designs an evaluation scheme based on ahp, which consists of traffic function, environmental influence and passenger comfort. Traffic is composed of six indicators: social vehicle average speed, average speed of public transport vehicles, social vehicles average delay, average intersection saturation, intersection junction bus vehicle average delay, the proportion of transit mode; The environmental impact includes three indicators: the road air quality over-rate, traffic air pollution saturation and traffic noise. Passenger comfort includes peak load rate, average waiting time and bus on-time rate. After determining the weights of each index, the evaluation criteria of each index are discussed respectively, and a simple and easy operation scheme of the bus priority signal control system is obtained.

KEY WORDS: Public transport; Bus priority; Evaluation system; Analytic hierarchy process

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract 2

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景及意义 1

1.2 国外研究现状 1

1.2 国内研究现状 2

1.2.1 国内公交服务评价体系研究现状 2

1.2.2 城市公交舒适度评价方法研究现状 3

1.2.3 模糊评价在公共服务满意度中的应用研究现状 3

1.3 本章小结 4

第二章 城市公共交通服务水平评价体系的建立 5

2.1 交通功能指标 5

2.2 环境影响指标 8

2.3 乘客舒适度指标 9

2.4 本章小结 10

第三章 基于层次分析法评价体系构建 11

3.1 层次分析法简介 11

3.2 层次分析法的步骤 11

3.3 运用层次分析法确定各指标权重 12

3.4 本章小结 18

第四章 各指标评价方法 19

4.1 交通功能指标 19

4.1.1 车辆的平均车速 19

4.1.2 交叉口的平均饱和度 19

4.1.3 车辆在交叉口的平均延误 20

4.1.4 公交出行所占比率 20

4.2 环境影响指标 20

4.2.1 道路空气质量超标率 20

4.2.2 交通大气污染的饱和度 21

4.2.3 交通噪声平均值 21

4.3 乘客舒适度指标 22

4.3.1 高峰满载率 22

4.3.2 平均候车时间 22

4.3.3 公交准点率 22

4.4 最终等级的确定 23

第五章 总结 24

致谢 25

参考文献 26

附录 28

附录A： ahp专家打分问卷 28

附录B： ahp专家打分问卷最终结果 31

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