论文总字数:29872字
摘 要
微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀技术(MICP,Microbial Induced Calcium carbonate Precipitation)是一种新兴的土体处理方式。这种方式可以利用微生物产生的碳酸钙沉淀来封堵土颗粒间的孔隙以降低土体渗透率。前人已经进行了5m长的砂柱封堵实验,并对实验过程及结果进行了详尽的描述。在本文中,建立了和前人实验相应的数学模型,并在仿真软件COMSOL Multiphysics上运行模拟。数值结果经反复对比讨论,得出相关结论如下:
1.基于van Wijngaarden等人提供的多孔介质物质传递方程等内容,在软件COMSOL上建立的数学模型,可以较为准确的描述有微生物参与的水解反应和沉淀反应。模拟结果对预测样品反应后的渗透率和均匀性有一定的参考价值。
2.本文中建立了一套包含宏观渗透率下降率和反应后渗透率分布均匀性在内的封堵效果评估机制。在参数分析部分,这成为封堵效果理想与否的重要指标。软件的后处理结果也表明,评估机制中最主要的三个值(宏观渗透率下降率、渗透率均匀性值、封堵效果值)可以合理地描述最终的封堵状况。
3.通过对注入方式、流体速度、溶质浓度三个参数的优化分析,最后基于参数分析结果总结出变浓度注入法。该方法在数值模拟结果上,体现出很高材料利用率和理想的沉淀均一性。该方法为实际工程应用提供了有益的探索。
关键词:MICP;数值模拟;渗透性;参数分析
Numerical Simulation of Permeability of Microbiological Improved Sand
Abstract
MICP(Microbial Induced Calcium carbonate Precipitation) is a method for reinforcement of granular soil.This method can be used to precipitate the pores between the soil particles by microbial calcium carbonate precipitation to reduce soil permeability.Predecessors has described a MICP experiment in detail that was performed in a column with a length of 5m.In this paper, we establish the mathematical model corresponding to the previous experiment and run the simulation on the simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics.The numerical results are discussed repeatedly, and the conclusions are as follows:
- Based on the mass transfer equation of porous media which proposed by the van Wijngaarden et al, the mathematical model established on the software COMSOL can describe precisely the hydrolysis reaction and precipitation reaction involving microbes. The simulation results have a significant reference value for predicting the permeability and uniformity of the sample.
- In this paper, we established a mechanism to evaluate the blocking effect, which including the decrease rate of macroscopic permeability and the uniformity of permeability distribution after reaction. In the parametric analysis section, this is an important indicator of whether the blocking effect is ideal or not. The post-processing results of the software also show that the three most important values in the assessment mechanism (the decrease rate of macroscopic permeability, permeability uniformity value, blocking effect value) can reasonably describe the final occlusion status.
- Through the optimization of the three parameters of injection mode, fluid velocity and solute concentration, the variable concentration injection method is concluded. This method shows the high material utilization and ideal precipitation uniformity in the numerical simulation results. This method provides a useful exploration for practical engineering applications
KEY WORDS: MICP;Numerical Simulation;Permeability;Parameter analysis
目 录
第一章 绪论 1
1.1研究背景及选题意义 1
1.1.1工程中渗漏问题不可避免 1
1.1.2目前的封堵防渗技术及其不足 1
1.1.3微生物诱导封堵技术为治理渗漏问题提供了一条开创性的道路 2
1.2微生物改良砂土渗透性能的数值模拟 2
1.2.1MICP工法介绍 2
1.2.2数值模拟的研究现状 3
1.2.3MICP工法对土体渗透性的影响 4
1.2.4技术应用及工程实践 4
1.3本文主要研究内容 4
1.3.1模型方程 5
1.3.2反应进行程度和封堵效果的评价 5
1.3.3参数分析 5
第二章、微生物改良砂土渗透性能的数学模型 7
2.1Comsol软件介绍 7
2.2数学模型 7
2.2.1多孔介质稀物质传递方程 7
2.2.2沉淀反应与孔隙率的关系 8
2.2.3流体方程 9
2.3反应速率模型 11
2.3.1考虑生物活性的反应速率模型 11
2.3.2考虑反应物浓度的反应速率模型 11
2.3.3考虑时间效应的反应速率模型 11
2.4初始值和边界条件 12
第三章、试验结果与模拟结果对比分析 13
3.1试验介绍 13
3.1.1试验材料 13
3.1.2试验过程 13
3.2实验结果 15
3.2.1铵浓度 15
3.2.2碳酸钙沉淀量 17
3.2.3氮浓度 18
3.3数值模拟结果 20
3.3.1误差计算方法 20
3.3.2铵浓度 21
3.3.3碳酸钙沉淀含量及渗透率 22
3.3.4封堵效果评价 23
第四章、参数分析 25
4.1注入溶液时间连续或间隔对封堵结果的影响 25
4.2液体流速对封堵效果的影响 31
4.3溶液浓度对封堵效果的影响 33
4.4本章小结及变浓度注入法的探究 33
第五章、总结 37
5.1结论 37
5.2展望 37
参考文献 39
致 谢 41
第一章 绪论
1.1研究背景及选题意义
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