毫米波反射面天线设计

 2022-08-04 09:26:14

论文总字数:31896字

摘 要

本文以W波段多波束反射面天线为研究对象,分析了抛物面天线和卡塞格伦天线的参数对天线性能的影响,完成了一个抛物面天线和一个16波束卡塞格伦天线的设计。

首先,针对抛物反射面天线,仿真分析了抛物面直径、馈源口径尺寸和抛物面焦距对天线的波束宽度、增益和偏焦时波束指向的影响,并根据要求设计了一个抛物面天线,性能指标良好。其次,为了计算反射面天线的波束效率,编写MATLAB程序,完成了对仿真的天线的波束效率计算。然后,针对卡塞格伦反射面天线,仿真分析了主面焦距、副面直径、放大系数和纵向偏焦对天线的波束宽度、增益、偏焦时波束指向和波束效率的影响,重点分析了同时改变主面焦距和放大系数对天线波束效率的影响,结果表明天线的波束指向和波束效率两个指标是相互约束的。

最后,设计了一个16波束卡塞格伦天线,在工作频段内天线的波束宽度为0.9°~1°,在E面和H面上基本能够实现-1.5°、-0.5°、 0.5°、 1.5°的波束指向要求,波束指向角误差在±0.05°之内,各波束增益均不低于39dBi,各波束间的增益差值小于1dB,波束效率约为28%。

关键词:多波束,波束效率,抛物面天线,卡塞格伦天线

The Design of Millimeter Wave Reflector Antenna

04014303 Yihui Wang

Advisor:Hongfu Meng

Abstract

This article takes the W-band multi-beam reflector antenna as the research object, analyzes the influence of parameters of the parabolic antenna and the Cassegrain antenna on the antenna performance, and completes the design of a parabolic antenna and a 16-beam Cassegrain antenna.

First, for the parabolic antenna, the effects of paraboloid diameter, feed aperture size and paraboloid focal length on the beam width, gain, and beam pointing of defocus are simulated and analyzed. A parabolic antenna is designed according to the requirements and the performance index is good. Second, the MATLAB program is written in order to calculate the beam efficiency of the reflector antenna, and the beam efficiency of the simulated antenna is calculated. Then, for the Cassegrain reflector antenna, the effects of the primary face focal length, secondary face diameter, amplification factor and longitudinal defocus on the antenna beam width, gain, beam pointing of defocus and beam efficiency are simulated and analyzed. The analysis of the effect of changing the focal length of the primary face and amplification factor simultaneously on the beam efficiency of the antenna is focused on. The results show that the two indicators of the beam pointing and beam efficiency of the antenna are mutually constrained.

Finally, a 16-beam Cassegrain antenna is designed. The beam width of the antenna in the working frequency range is 0.9°~1°. The beam pointing requirements of -1.5°, -0.5°, 0.5°, and 1.5° can be basically achieved on the E-plane and H-plane, within the error range of ±0.05°. The gain of each beam is not less than 39 dBi, the gain difference between each beam is less than 1 dB, and the beam efficiency is about 28%.

KEY WORDS: multi-beam,beam efficiency, parabolic antenna, Cassegrain antenna

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景和意义 1

1.2 多波束反射面天线研究现状 1

1.3 本文的研究内容与安排 4

第二章 反射面天线的基本理论 5

2.1 抛物面天线 5

2.1.1 抛物面天线的工作原理 5

2.1.2 抛物面天线的几何特性 5

2.2 卡塞格伦天线 6

2.2.1 卡塞格伦天线的工作原理 6

2.2.2 卡塞格伦天线的分析方法 6

2.2.3 卡塞格伦天线的几何参数选择原则 7

2.3 反射面天线横向偏焦分析 8

第三章 抛物面天线的分析与设计 9

3.1 抛物面直径的影响 11

3.2 馈源口径尺寸的影响 13

3.3 抛物面焦距的影响 15

3.4 抛物面天线设计 17

第四章 天线波束效率 19

4.1 天线波束效率的概念 19

4.2 天线波束效率的分析 19

4.3 天线波束效率的计算 20

第五章 卡塞格伦天线的分析与设计 22

5.1 主面焦距的影响 24

5.2 副面直径的影响 28

5.3 放大系数的影响 30

5.4 沿焦轴移动馈源的影响 34

5.4.1 馈源的相位中心 34

5.4.2 纵向偏焦的影响 36

5.5 主面焦距和放大系数的共同影响 36

5.6 卡塞格伦天线设计 37

第六章 总结 43

致谢 44

参考文献 45

附录A 47

附录B 48

绪论

研究背景和意义

毫米波指介于微波和光波之间的频率范围为30GHz~300GHz的电磁波;与微波相比,波束宽度更窄,能够分辨距离较近的目标;与光波相比,受自然光和热辐射源的影响小,衰减更小。目前毫米波被广泛应用于雷达、通信、制导、遥感和探测成像等技术领域[1][2]

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