论文总字数：33120字

摘 要

主减速器作为将旋翼、尾翼和发动机连接起来的重要传动部件，其动力状态直接影响直升机整机的动力学特性和振动响应。其中主要传力装置为主轴太阳轮和行星齿轮构成的行星齿轮系统。由于齿轮间隙以及接触刚度的影响，在外部激励的情况下，其动响应表现出碰撞和摩擦等非线性特征。齿轮间的非线性连接也是影响整机振动的主要来源。本文以行星齿轮系为主要研究对象，利用刚体动力学和刚柔耦合动力学基本分析方法，对其动力学响应特性进行研究分析。

基于多体动力学理论，分别完成对齿轮副、一级行星齿轮系、二级行星齿轮系的几何装配和动力学装配。在此基础上分析了齿轮副、一级齿轮系和多级齿轮系的齿间啮合力及结构动响应，并分析比较了不同转速对齿间啮合力、动响应幅值及运动规律的影响。

基于多柔体动力学理论，利用模态综合法，分别对主减速一级齿轮系的行星架及主轴进行模态缩聚，在此基础上分析了当一级行星轮系中分别包含行星架、主轴、主轴-行星架柔性体时传动系统动响应。比较了在刚-柔耦合结构中及不同转速下主减速器结构的动力学特性。

基于刚体动力学刚体接触算法，分别改变接触刚度、接触非线性系数、系统负载的大小，分析三个参数大小的变化对于一级行星轮系啮合力的影响，同时对比分析了在不同参数设置下，转速对于一级行星轮系啮合力的影响。

关键词：主减速器；行星齿轮系；刚柔耦合系统；非线性动响应

Abstract

The main reducer is an important transmission part which can connect the rotor, tail and engine, and its dynamic state directly affects the dynamic characteristics and vibration response of the whole helicopter. The main transmission device is the planetary gear system composed of the main shaft solar wheel and the planetary gear. Due to the influence of gear clearance and contact rigidity, in the case of external excitation, its dynamic response shows non-linear characteristics such as collision and friction. The nonlinear coupling between gears is also the main source of the vibration of the whole machine. In this paper, the dynamic response characteristics of planetary gears are studied and analyzed by means of rigid body dynamics and rigid flexible coupling dynamics.

Based on the theory of multi-body dynamics, the geometrical assembly and dynamic assembly of gear pair, planetary gear system and second-order planetary gear system are respectively completed. On the basis of the analysis of the gears, the gear train and multistage gear train between tooth meshing force and structure dynamic response, and analysis and comparison between different rotational speed on the tooth meshing force, and the influence of the motion law of dynamic response amplitude.

Based on flexible-body dynamics theory, the use of modal synthesis method, respectively, the main reduction level gear train the planet carrier and spindle modal poly condensation, on the basis of the analysis respectively when the level of planetary gear train contains planet carrier and spindle, spindle drive system as the planet frame of the flexible body dynamic response. The dynamic characteristics of the main reducer structure in the rigid-flexible coupling structure and different speeds are compared.

Algorithm based on rigid body dynamics of rigid body contact, change of contact stiffness and contact nonlinear coefficient, the size of the system load, analyzing the change of the size of three parameters effect on the level of the planetary gear train meshing force, contrast analyzed under different parameter is set at the same time, the speed effect on the level of the planetary gear train meshing force.

KEY WORDS: main reducer; Planetary gear system; Rigid flexible coupling system; Nonlinear dynamic response

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

1 绪论 1

1.1 课题的工程背景及意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 2

1.2.1 行星齿轮系连接方法 2

1.2.2 行星齿轮系多体动力学分析 3

1.2.3行星齿轮系刚-柔耦合动力学分析 4

1.3 本文的主要工作 5

2 主减速器多体动力学分析 6

2.1 引言 6

2.2 主减速器建模及传动原理 6

2.2.1 传动原理 6

2.2.2 零件建模 7

2.2.3 装配体建模 9

2.3 刚体多体动力学理论 10

2.4 齿轮副刚体动力学分析 12

2.5 一级主减速器刚体动力学分析 16

2.6 两级主减速器刚体动力学分析 20

2.7 本章小结 27

3 主减速器刚-柔耦合动力学分析 28

3.1 引言 28

3.2刚-柔耦合多体动力学理论 28

3.2.1 柔体动力学理论 28

3.2.2 模态综合法理论 30

3.2.3 柔性体的建模 33

3.3 柔性行星架刚柔耦合动力学分析 34

3.4 柔性主轴刚柔耦合动力学分析 39

3.5 柔性主轴、行星架刚柔耦合动力学分析 44

3.6本章小结 48

4 直升机行星轮主减速器啮合力影响因素分析 50

4.1 引言 50

4.2 负载对于啮合力影响分析 50

4.3 接触刚度对于啮合力影响分析 52

4.4 非线性指数对于啮合力影响分析 54

4.5 本章小结 56

5 总结与展望 57

5.1 研究总结 57

5.2 研究展望 58

参考文献 59

致谢 61

附录A 62

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