论文总字数：46255字

摘 要

输电塔是典型的格构式空间结构，具有结构高、跨距大、阻尼小、整体结构柔性强的特点，对风荷载的作用非常敏感。近年来，我国广东、江苏等省发生了多起风致倒塔事故，造成了巨大的直接和间接经济损失。本文针对实验室输电塔实物模型建立了输电塔、输电线及输电塔-线体系有限元模型，并通过ANSYS有限元软件对模型进行了模态分析，获得了模型的自振频率和振型。通过输电塔的模态分析结果与锤击法模态试验结果的对比，说明所建模型的正确性；输电线找形前后的模态分析结果验证了输电线的非线性特征；输电塔与输电塔-线体系模态分析结果的对比表明输电塔与输电线耦合后对各自的自振频率及振型有较大的影响。基于谐波合成法用MATLAB软件对脉动风荷载进行了模拟，用时程分析法对输电塔和输电塔-线体系进行了风振响应分析，获得了输电塔及输电塔-线体系不同位置上节点的响应时程曲线，结果表明，输电线的非线性特征对输电塔不同位置上节点的响应均有影响，但影响程度不同；两者的响应均呈现出自底向上逐渐增加的特点；输电塔的位移风振系数总体趋势为自底向上逐渐减小，但结构的复杂性对位移风振系数也有较大的影响。

关键词：输电塔-线体系，有限元分析，动力特性，时程分析法，风振响应

Abstract

Transmission tower is a typical lattice structure, with high structure, large span, small damping, strong flexibility characteristics of the overall structure，and it is susceptible to wind load. In recent years, a number of transmission towers collapsed because of wind in Guangdong, Jiangsu and other provinces, resulting in a huge direct and indirect economic losses. This paper sets up the finite element models of transmission tower, transmission line and transmission tower-line system based on the physical model of laboratory transmission tower, and analyzes dynamic characteristics of the models by ANSYS to obtain free vibration frequencies and modes. By comparing the modal analysis results of the transmission tower with the results of the hammering modal test, the correctness of the transmission tower model is proved; the nonlinear characteristics of the transmission line are verified by the results of modal analysis before and after shape-finding; the comparison of modal analysis between transmission tower and transmission tower-line system indicates that coupling of transmission tower and transmission line has a great influence on respective free vibration frequencies and modes. This paper simulates the fluctuating wind load by MATLAB with WAWS, and analyzes the wind-induced vibration responses of transmission tower and transmission tower-line system to acquires the time history curves of responses. The results reveal that the nonlinear characteristics of the transmission line have different effect on the response of the nodes at different locations of the transmission tower; both of responses indicate an increase from bottom to top; the displacement wind vibration coefficient of transmission tower is decreasing from the bottom to the top on the overall trend, but the complexity of the structure also has a great influence on the displacement wind vibration coefficient.

KEY WORDS: transmission tower-line system, finite element analysis, dynamic characteristics, time history analysis method, wind-induced vibration response

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景和意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 2

1.2.1 国外研究现状 2

1.2.2 国内研究现状 3

1.3 本文的研究工作 5

第二章 输电塔-线体系有限元模型 6

2.1 引言 6

2.2 输电塔的分类及结构形式 6

2.3 有限元法 7

2.4 有限元模型 7

2.4.1 输电塔（单塔）有限元模型 7

2.4.2 输电线有限元模型 10

2.4.3 输电塔-线体系（两塔三线）有限元模型 12

2.5 本章小结 14

第三章 输电塔-线体系模态动力特性 15

3.1 引言 15

3.2 输电塔（单塔）模态动力特性 16

3.3 输电塔（单塔）模态试验 19

3.3.1 锤击法模态试验原理及试验方案 19

3.3.2 模态试验结果及对比分析 20

3.4 输电线模态动力特性 21

3.5 输电塔-线体系（两塔三线）模态动力特性 27

3.6 本章小结 28

第四章 输电塔-线体系风振响应特性 29

4.1 引言 29

4.2 风荷载模拟 29

4.2.1 风荷载 29

4.2.2 脉动风荷载模拟 30

4.3 输电塔（单塔）风振响应特性 35

4.4 输电塔-线体系（两塔三线）风振响应特性 40

4.5 本章小结 42

第五章 工作总结与展望 43

5.1 工作总结 43

5.2 研究展望 44

致 谢 45

参考文献 46

附录 49

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