论文总字数：22612字

摘 要

藏传佛教对于人的生老病死以及由此产生的医疗行为都有着独到的看法，彰显着自身的文化特性。藏传佛教认为人的生死、疾病等都与道德修养及宿命相关。尽管当下西藏的医疗融合了藏医、中医、西医等不同的医疗体系，但藏传佛教固有的生死观、疾病观仍然对医疗行为进行着文化形塑，并进而催生了种种不同的解读。

本文以藏传佛教的生死观、疾病观及对于医疗行为的文化形塑为题，借助对藏传佛教教义的具体分析，根据其固有的生死观、疾病观反思当下具体的医疗行为。能够推动藏传佛教的传播，能够有助于加强对于藏传佛教的理解和认识。

论文分为三部分，第一部分就藏传佛教的生死观、疾病观进行梳理与分析，能够正确的评价和认知藏传佛教的“生死观”、“疾病观”。第二部分，藏民对于民族医院与藏医的不同态度，对于藏传佛教有着共同的宗教背景，藏民对于藏医的信任存在一定程度的疑虑。第三部分，从藏民对于中医、西医的基本态度及互动模式，能够重视对于宗教信仰不同的民众表现出对于藏医的不同态度，进一步分析藏民对于藏医受到藏传佛教影响的原因，并进一步结合藏民所受的文化教育分析影响就医的影响。

总之，通过对于藏传佛教的生死观、疾病观和医疗行为的分析，能够从藏民受到藏传佛教的影响，就其生死观、疾病观对于医疗行为的分析提出具有参考价值的发展建议。通过研究能够加深对于藏传佛教对于医疗行为的文化形塑的影响，能够更加明确藏传佛教的文化形塑。以增强对于藏民受到藏传佛教影响对于医疗行为的不同认识。

关键词：藏传佛教；生死观；疾病观；医疗行为；文化形塑

Abstract

Tibetan Buddhism holds its unique view towards the birth, senility, illness and death of people and the medical treatment of them, which reflects the cultural characteristics of Tibetan Buddhism itself. According to Tibetan Buddhism’s principles, individuals’ lives are strongly related to the moral cultivation and destiny. Although the current medical treatment in Tibet has included different kinds of medical systems, such as Tibetan medicine, traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, the inherited view of life and death and sickness in Tibetan Buddhism still culturally influence the medical behavior. As a result, varies kinds of analysis have been spawned.

This article focuses on the views of life and death and illness of Tibetan Buddhism and their cultural influences on medical behavior. With the help of detailed analysis on principles of Tibetan Buddhism and the views of life and death and illness of it, this article will critically study the medical behavior today, which helps to move on the development of Tibetan Buddhism and raise people’s awareness on it.

This article will be divided into three parts. In the first part, it will analyse the views of life and death and illness of Tibetan Buddhism in order to correctly understand the views of life and death and illness of Tibetan Buddhism. In the second part, it will concentrate on the Tibetans‘ different views between national hospitals and Tibetan treatment. The Tibetans also have doubts on whether Tibetan Buddhism shares common religious belief with them and whether they should trust the Tibetan treatment or not. In the last part, according to the basic attitudes of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine and their interactive mode from Tibetans, we find that people have different attitudes towards Tibetan medicine as they have different religious backgrounds. Furthermore, we will analyze why Tibetan medicine are affected by Tibetan Buddhism and how the cultural education these Tibetans receive influences their medical behavior.

In sum, through the analysis of the views of life and death, illness and medical behavior of Tibetan Buddhism, we will find that Tibetans have been deeply influenced by the Tibetan Buddhism. This article will also give practical advice on the the views of life and death, illness and medical behavior of that. We believe that this article will strengthen and specify the cultural influences Tibetan Buddhism put on medical behavior, thus raising the awareness of medical behavior from Tibetans according to the Tibetan Buddhism.

Keywords: Tibetan Buddhism; the views of life and death; the views of illness; medical behavior; cultural influences

目 录

摘 要 II

Abstract III

引 言 1

一、藏传佛教的生死观、疾病观 2

（一）藏传佛教的生死观 2

1．佛教传入前藏区原始宗教苯教的“万物有灵、灵魂不灭”论 2

2．佛教传入后藏传佛教生死观的发展 3

3．独具特色的活佛转世理论 5

（二）藏传佛教疾病观 6

二、藏传佛教信徒对疾病以及治疗后果的认知和评价 8

（一）佛教的医疗法 9

（二） 对于治疗后果的评价 10

三、藏民对“中医、西医”的基本态度和互动模式 11

（一）基本态度 11

（二）互动模式 12

结 论 15

参考文献 16

致 谢 18

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