论文总字数：74835字

摘 要

论文作者签名：＿＿＿＿＿导师签名：＿＿＿＿日期：＿＿＿＿

路基土毛细导水土工材料排水性能测试与评价

摘要

众所周知，路基土中存在着水，它既可能因降雨而形成的地表水，也可能是地下水。水对路基的影响主要在路基强度、压实度、稳定性、以及地下水位等方面。路基水造成的病害主要有湿陷性黄土病害、膨胀土病害、冻土的冻胀融沉以及引起的路基沉陷路面翻浆等一系列问题

本文的第二部分对文中进行的毛细导水土工材料自由吸水能力测试，以及毛细导水土工材料在土体中吸排水能力测试，这两大部分试验所选用的材料，内容以及方法进行了详细说明。

第三部分是本文的测试结果分析阶段，得出的结论如下：

1. 毛细导水土工材料在自然条件下具备优良的吸水性能。其中聚酯纤维含量越低的毛细土工材料具有更短的扩散时间，更高吸水率，在芯吸爬升试验中具有更高的最终爬升高度，吸水速率也越快。也就是说在两种材料能同时发挥吸水作用的条件下，第一种毛细导水土工材料C1的吸水性能好于第二种材料。
2. 毛细导水土工材料在土样中同样可以发挥其吸水排水效果，且具体排水效果受到材料自身成分、制样方法、排水时间、初始含水率差异等因素的影响。与自然条件下材料单纯的吸水过程不同，毛细导水土工材料排水过程较为复杂，受到的影响因素较多，经过试验得到验证并已经在论文中分析的有毛细导水土工材料自身的成分，排水材料与土体的有效接触面积以及暴露在空气中的面积。
3. 其中经过第一种制样方案放大试验效果，可以看出的是毛细导水土工材料的吸水排水效果并不一致，吸水效果较好的第一种毛细导水土工材料C1反而在土样中经历吸水排水整个过程后表现出的最终含水率高于第二种材料。而在第二种制样方法中，两种不同毛细导水土工材料在土体中的吸水排水效果差异性由于受到影响过多而无法得出确切的结论，但因为第二种制样方案更接近工程实际，这一程度上的模糊反而为毛细导水土工材料在具体工程实际应用中存在的巨大前景提供了依据。

关键词：路基病害处理；路基水；毛细导水土工材料；自由吸水性能；排水性能

Abstract

As is known to all, there is water in the subgrade soil. It may be surface water caused by rainfall or groundwater. The influence of water on subgrade is mainly in the aspects of subgrade strength, compactness, stability and groundwater level. The water caused disease are mainly a series of problems of frost heave of collapsible loess disease, disease of expansive soil and frozen soil thawing settlement and subgrade subsidence caused by pavement frost etc.

In the second part of this paper by wicking fabric soil engineering materials free water absorption ability test, and guide engineering materials, soil wicking fabric suction drainage test in the soil, selected the two most of the test materials, contents and methods are explained in detail.

The third part is the test results analysis stage, and the conclusions are as follows:

(1) wicking fabric water and soil engineering materials have excellent water absorption performance under natural conditions. The wicking fabric polyester with lower polyester content has shorter diffusion time and higher water absorption, and has higher ultimate climbing height and faster water absorption in the wicking test. That is to say, in the condition that two kinds of materials can exert water absorption function at the same time, the first wicking fabric soil and water engineering material C1 has better water absorption performance than the second materials.

(2) by wicking fabric soil engineering materials in soil can also play the water drainage effect, and the drainage effect is influenced by its material composition, preparation method, drainage time, initial moisture content differences. The water absorption process simple and natural materials under the condition of different soil engineering materials by wicking fabric drainage process is more complex, there are many factors affected by test and analysis in this paper has the guiding soil engineering materials own wicking fabric composition, area of effective contact area of drainage material and soil and exposed to the air.

(3) the first sample preparation scheme after amplification test results, it can be seen that the water drainage effect of soil wicking fabric guide construction materials are not the same, the first wicking fabric suction effect better guide engineering materials instead of C1 soil in soil water drainage through final water after the whole process showed a rate of more than second kinds of materials. In the preparation method of sample second, two different water drainage effect of different soil wicking fabric guide engineering materials in the soil due to the impact of too much to draw firm conclusions, but because the second kinds of sample preparation scheme is more close to the actual project, provides the basis for the fuzzy extent but for the great prospects of the soil engineering material exists in the practical application in the actual project.

Keywords：subgrade disease treatment; subgrade water; wicking fabric guided soil and water engineering materials; free water absorption; drainage performance

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景和意义 1

1.2 研究现状分析 2

1.2.1 路基湿陷病害 2

1.2.2 膨胀土病害 4

1.2.3 冻胀融沉病害 7

1.3 本课题的提出 8

1.4 本课题研究内容、关键问题及难点 9

1.4.1 内容 9

1.4.2 关键问题 10

1.4.3 课题的难点 10

1.5 研究技术路线图 10

第二章 试验材料及测试方法 12

2.1 试验概述 12

2.2 试验材料 12

2.2.1 毛细导水土工材料 12

2.2.2 高岭土 13

2.3 试验方案及内容 13

2.3.1 毛细导水土工材料自由吸水性能测试 14

2.3.2 毛细导水土工材料在土样中吸排水性能测试 16

2.4 本章小结 18

第三章 毛细导水土工材料自由吸水能力研究 19

3.1 本章概述 19

3.2 材料自由吸水特性测试结果及分析 19

3.2.1 毛细效应爬升法 19

3.2.2 液滴扩散法 22

3.3 本章小结 24

第四章 毛细导水土工材料在土体中吸排水能力研究 26

4.1 本章概述 26

4.2 试验结果 26

4.2.1 不同初始含水率条件下相同排水材料试验结果分析 42

4.2.2 不同制样方案对相同毛细导水土工材料效果的影响分析 44

4.2.3 相同初始含水率，不同毛细导水土工材料的排水性能差异 47

4.3 本章小结 50

第五章 全文结论及展望 52

5.1 本文的主要结论 52

5.2 研究工作展望 52

参考文献 54

致 谢 56

附 录 57

绪论

研究背景和意义

众所周知，路基土中存在着水，它既可能因降雨而形成的地表水，也可能是地下水。水对路基影响大致可分为如下几类^[1]：

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