论文总字数：21262字

摘 要

从上世纪九十年代的广州地铁1号线和上海1号线的建设水平看，中国城市轨道交通建设已经使用了当时最新的技术，建成了世界上一流的城市轨道交通系统。但是轨道交通技术并不成熟，仍处于消化，引进，创新和吸收阶段。

伴随着城市轨道交通与高速铁路的快速发展，机车体和轨道体振动幅度增大，轨道及其部件振动幅度，共振频率也将变大。同时，为了适应城市轨道交通的速度，轨道的动态结构也将朝着复杂，高速，轻的方向发展，造成附近建筑物的铁路运输和居民的轨道交通噪音问题特别突出，因此公民更加关心铁路周围，特别是在城市附近的轨道发生的噪音和振动问题^[1]。城市轨道交通造成的振动不仅影响到居民正常工作和生活，而且对周边交通工具，使用精密仪器和建筑物造成一定程度的损害。

基于城市轨道交通振动分析，本文设计了一种新型的振动测量系统。研究工作包括以下几个方面：

（1）回顾中国轨道交通车辆的发展状况，阐述轨道交通车辆造成的振动污染。

（2）采用了新的振动测量技术，设计了基于嵌入式技术和串口的振动信号收集系统。该系统采用VS9000.5D单轴模拟加速度传感器作为振动传感器，负责收集轨道交通车辆的振动信号。以STM32F103RC为核心控制芯片，实现单通道，12位高速连续采样。

（3）系统研究IAR，完成嵌入式程序的编制。利用RS-232传输技术，成功实现了单片机与PC端之间的数据传输，成功的提高了传输效率。

（4）系统的利用MATLAB编程语言成功设计PC端的应用软件程序，实现了测量信号的时域分析，频域分析和数据回等功能。

（5）利用matlab编程语言成功的设计了PC端的GPS数据程序，实现了GPS信号转换为经纬度，显示在图像上。

关键词：城市轨道交通，单片机，数据采集，matlab，GPS信号

ABSTRACT

From the construction of the Shanghai Line 1 and the Guangzhou Metro Line 1 in the 1990s, China's urban rail transit construction has been widely used in the latest technology and equipment, has built a world-class technical level of urban rail transit system, but the rail transit technology is still In the digestion, introduction, innovation and absorption stage.

With the rapid development of urban rail transit and the rapid development of high-speed railway, locomotive body and track body vibration amplitude increases, track and its components vibration amplitude, resonance frequency point will also increase. At the same time, in order to adapt to the speed of urban rail transit, the dynamic structure of the orbit will also be moving towards complex, high-speed, light direction, the resulting rail traffic on the nearby buildings and the residents of the noise problem Especially prominent, whereby citizens are more concerned about the noise and vibration problems that occur along the tracks around the railway, especially around the city. Urban rail traffic caused by vibration not only affect the residents along the normal work and life, but also on the surrounding traffic vehicles, the use of precision instruments and buildings to a certain extent damage.

Based on the analysis of the vibration of urban rail transit, this paper designs a new type of vibration measurement system. The research work includes the following aspects:

(1) Review the development status of China's rail transit vehicles, and elaborate on the vibration pollution caused by rail transit vehicles.

(2) The new vibration measurement technology is analyzed and analyzed, and a vibration signal acquisition system based on embedded technology and serial port is designed. The system uses VS9000.5D uniaxial simulation acceleration sensor as the vibration sensor, which is responsible for collecting the vibration signal of the rail transit vehicle. With STM32F103RC as the core control chip, the single channel channel, 12-bit high speed and high precision continuous acquisition is realized.

(3) systematically studied IRM, completed the preparation of embedded programs. Using RS-232 transmission technology, the successful realization of the upper and lower computer data communication between the effective increase in the transmission speed.

(4) The system uses MATLAB programming language to successfully design the upper application software, and realized the time domain analysis, frequency domain analysis and data playback of the collected signal.

The test results show that the system has stable performance, fast transmission speed and high precision. It can be applied to engineering monitoring of railway track vibration, which has certain practical and popular value.

Keywords: urban rail transit, single chip, data acquisition, matlab

目 录

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT II

目 录 1

第1章 绪论 3

1.1 城市轨道交通 3

1.2 课题背景和意义 3

1.3 城市轨道交通国内发展历程 3

1.4 本文的研究目标和论文组织安排 4

第2章 系统的硬件设计 5

2.1 硬件的总体设计 5

2.2 模数转换原理 5

2.3 振动传感器的选型与设计 6

2.3.1 振动传感器 6

2.3.2 VS9000.5D 6

2.3.3 工作原理 6

2.3.4 电性能 7

2.3.5 传感器的连接和电源要求 7

2.4 信号预处理系统选型与设计 8

2.4.1 信号预处理电路 8

2.4.2 运算放大器 8

2.4.3 UA741CP运算放大器 8

2.4.4 求差电路 9

2.5 数字采集系统的选型与设计 10

2.5.1 数字采集系统 10

2.5.2 单片机模块 11

2.5.3 STM32f103rc的ADC主要特征 11

2.5.4 对ADC模块的设置 11

2.5.5 模数转化模块与传感器的接口 12

2.5.6 STM32的通用同步异步收发器 12

2.5.7 USART的设置 12

2.6 通信模块选型与设计 13

2.6.1 通信接口电路 13

2.6.2 串行接口 13

2.6.3 通信模块连接图 13

2.7 GPS模块选型与设计 14

2.7.1 GPS的数据格式 14

2.8 本章小节 15

第3章 系统的软件设计 16

3.1 分析处理系统 16

3.1.1 Matlab简介 16

3.1.2 单片机程序编辑环境 16

3.2 串口通信调试程序-XCOM v2.0 16

3.3 傅里叶变换 17

3.4 快速傅里叶变换(FFT)的原理及公式 18

3.5 基于单片机的软件设计思路 19

3.6 基于matlab的数据处理 20

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