基于虚拟仪器的步进电机控制系统

论文总字数：16218字

摘 要

随着科技社会的不断发展，人们对智能、自动化的技术不断的提高，特别是在工业测量、军事、医疗领域等方面，虚拟仪器技术得到了很好的应用。虚拟仪器的出现在世界上引起了广泛的关注，同时也受到大力的推广，通过虚拟仪器良好的功能特性，高效、灵活且直观图形化编程。由于虚拟仪器所受到的欢迎，后来也出现了较多版本的虚拟仪器开发软件，本课题采用的是LabVIEW软件开发平台，在LabVIEW软件开发平台中，通过LabVIEW与单片机通信对步进电机驱动，采用各种高效模块部件来实现对步进电机的前进、后退以及加速与减速。

本课题致力于研究虚拟仪器技术的步进电机控制系统的设计，一直以来虚拟仪器在各个领域发挥着重要作用，随着经济与科技的发展，虚拟仪器也朝着更加完善设计，许多企业工厂还保留着传统的技术，检测技术还是比较落后，所以自虚拟仪器技术诞生以来，扮演着重要的角色^[3]。许多传统仪器就检测而言还是有不足，代替了传统器件测量不了的缺陷，随着虚拟仪器技术的发展传统仪器将逐渐被取代，通过LabVIEW与单片机通信，使得步进电机运转。

基于虚拟仪器的步进电机系统控制，是虚拟仪器技术的典型应用，从方便简洁的仪器控制，对信息的读取一直到工业的测量以及自动化的应用，虚拟仪器技术广泛的应用于各个领域^[7]。虚拟仪器通过软件开发平台通过串口与计算机通信，从而控制电机的正传反转以及转速等。通过各硬件模块、软件开发平台设计并制作，并在Proteus中仿真运行。在广泛借鉴了各种设计的优点的同时，充分考虑设计的各个环节，包括仿真指令集中的每一条指令，并提供与仿真一致的接口，以及远程控制步进电机的启动、控制步进电机的转向、运行速度的变化等。

关键词: 单片机；LabVIEW；步进电机；Proteus

Stepper Motor Control System based on virtual instrument

Abstract

With the continuous development of the scientific and technological society, people continue to improve the technology of intelligence and automation, especially in the fields of industrial measurement, military, medical, etc., the virtual instrument technology has been well applied. The appearance of virtual instruments has aroused widespread attention in the world, and it has also been vigorously promoted. Through the good functional characteristics of virtual instruments, efficient, flexible and intuitive graphical programming. Due to the popularity of virtual instruments, more versions of virtual instrument development software have appeared. This subject uses the LabVIEW software development platform. In the LabVIEW software development platform, the stepper motor is driven by LabVIEW and single-chip communication, using Various high-efficiency modular components to realize the forward, backward, acceleration and deceleration of the stepper motor.

This subject is devoted to the design of stepper motor control systems for virtual instrument technology. Virtual instruments have always played an important role in various fields. With the development of economy and technology, virtual instruments have also been designed to be more perfect. Many enterprise factories also have The traditional technology is retained, and the detection technology is still relatively backward. Therefore, since the birth of the virtual instrument technology, it has played an important role. Many traditional instruments still have deficiencies in terms of detection, replacing the defects that traditional devices cannot measure. Development of technology Traditional instruments will be gradually replaced, and communicate with the single-chip microcomputer through LabVIEW to make the stepper motor run.

Stepping motor system control based on virtual instruments is a typical application of virtual instrument technology. From convenient and concise instrument control, information reading to industrial measurement and automation applications, virtual instrument technology is widely used in various fields. The virtual instrument communicates with the computer through the serial port through the software development platform to control the forward and reverse rotation of the motor and the rotation speed. It is designed and produced by various hardware modules and software development platforms, and simulated in Proteus. While widely drawing on the advantages of various designs, fully consider all aspects of the design, including each instruction in the simulation instruction set, and provide an interface consistent with the simulation, as well as remotely control the start of the stepper motor and control the stepper motor. Steering, changes in operating speed, etc.

Keywords: Singlechip；LabVIEW; Stepper Motor;Proteus

目录

第一章 绪论 1

1.1本课题设计研究的意义 1

1.2国内外虚拟技术发展状况 2

1.3虚拟仪器技术发展趋势 2

1.4本设计实现需求 3

第二章 总体设计 4

2.1总体工作方案设计 4

2.2系统的整体需求与分析 4

2.2.1虚拟仪器软件开发环境 4

2.2.2步进电机简介 5

2.3驱动步进电机 6

3.1 整体思路的规划 7

3.2 C51单片机介绍 8

3.2.1系统晶振电路 9

3.2.2系统复位电路 9

3.2.3系统时钟电路 9

3.3接口电路与电源 10

3.3.1串行接口电路的设计 10

3.3.2直流稳压电源控制元件 10

3.4传感器检测模块 11

3.5步进电机的选择与分类 11

3.5.1步进电机的分类 12

3.5.2步进电机工作原理 12

3.5.3电机电路的驱动 13

3.6运动控制卡与单片机区别 13

第四章 系统软件程序设计 15

4.1主程序控制设计 15

4.2步进电机程序的设计 15

4.3上位机程序设计 16

第五章 测试结果与分析 18

5.1单片机的选材与制作 18

5.2 通过LabVIEW与单片机通信 18

5.3 LabVIEW与Proteus仿真通信 19

第六章 总结与展望 20

致 谢 21

参 考 文 献 22

附录1原理图 23

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