论文总字数：21662字

摘 要

当前，科技和经济不断发展，世界各国的电力需求不断提升，与此同时，出现了世界性的能源缺乏和环境损坏等问题，各种新能源如风能、太阳能迅猛发展，但是各类新能源发电的不确定性太强，并且不稳定，电网的调频需求不能够被满足，所以引入更加优良的调频资源具有更加紧迫的实际意义。近年来，由于具有跟踪精确，响应迅速，双向调节等特性，电池储能技术被认为是最具发展前景的辅助调频手段。储能这一缓冲单元加入电网之后效果十分优良，实现了削峰填谷、减少了负荷的波动程度。

首先，文章对储能电池现实研究状况与电网调频相关内容进行了分析，随后，文章讨论了储能系统在辅助电网调频时的储能电池类型选取、仿真模型的设计、相应控制策略等相关问题。本文章主要研究内容如下：

在风能、光能等新能源发电形式大规模并网的发展情况下，讨论储能电源发展的必要性及可行性，根据各储能电源特点选取合适的储能电源并建立其模型。

研究储能辅助火电机组参与二次调频问题，随后分析了区域控制误差和区域控制需求两种控制模式的优缺点，根据这两种不同的控制方式建模，对其特点进行细致分析

随后，在储能荷电状态的基础上进行控制的进一步优化设计。提出一种协调控制的思路。划分调频工况以确定切换时机，在仿真验证后确定其具有改进系统调节频率效果的优势。

关键词：可再生能源；火电机组；二次调频；储能模型；荷电状态；控制策略

Energy storage system to assist thermal power unit secondary frequency modulation control strategy research

Abstract

With the development of economy, the demand for electricity, along with the global energy shortage and environmental issues, etc., represented by the wind of all kinds of new energy get rapid development, and because of all kinds of new energy power generation has strong uncertainty and volatility, it is difficult to meet the demand of the grid frequency control, the introduction of more high-quality resources of frequency modulation has the urgent practical engineering significance. In recent years, battery energy storage technology has been regarded as the most promising auxiliary frequency modulation means due to its features such as accurate tracking, fast response speed and bi-directional regulation. After join this buffer storage unit in the power grid, the effect is significant, not only can make the demand side management become more efficient, but also can achieve peak peel, reducing the level of load fluctuation on the basis of also can make the cost of the power supply more cheap, running characteristics of the whole power system more stable and safe.

First of all, this paper focuses on the theoretical and technical issues related to the application of energy storage system in power grid auxiliary frequency modulation, such as type selection, simulation model and control strategy. The main content of this paper is as follows:

This paper discusses the necessity and feasibility of energy storage batteries participating in frequency regulation of power system under the background of large-scale grid connection of wind and optical new energy generation, analyzes the basic working principles. An equivalent energy storage model suitable for frequency modulation research is established.

Auxiliary thermal power unit to participate in the secondary frequency modulation for energy storage, constructs the model of thermal power unit, analyzes the ACE area control error (Area Control Error) and regional control demand ARR (Area Regulation Requirement) the advantages and disadvantages of two control modes, and carries on the modeling for the two kinds of control mode, Analyze its characteristics.

On this basis, the control is further optimized according to the State of Charge (SOC). A coordinated control strategy of energy storage battery participating in secondary frequency modulation in power system is proposed. The control strategy divided energy storage into two working conditions: frequency modulation and recovery. In the FM working condition, the energy storage SOC adaptive control smoothing output was based on the energy storage SOC adaptive control, and in the recovery working condition, the SOC adaptive recovery was based on the ultra-short-term load prediction.

Keywords: Renewable energy; Thermal power unit; Secondary FM; Energy storage model; The charged state; The control strategy

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 选题背景与意义 1

1.2 储能辅助火电机组进行调频的必要性及可行性分析 1

1.2.1 储能参与调频的必要性 1

1.2.2 储能参与调频的可行性 2

1.3 储能参与调频现状研究 2

1.3.1储能技术概况 2

1.3.2储能参与调频的研究现状 3

1.4本文的主要研究内容 4

第二章 储能参与电网调频的等效模型 5

2.1 储能调频选型 5

2.1.1 储能技术工作原理 5

2.1.2 储能调频电源选型 5

2.2 锂离子电池作为储能电源参与调频的模型 7

2.3本章小结 10

第三章 储能辅助火电机组二次调频的控制策略 11

3.1 储能电池参与二次调频的控制方式 11

3.1.1基于区域控制需求的控制方式 11

3.1.2基于区域控制偏差的控制方式 12

3.1.3协调控制模式 12

3.2 储能电源参与二次调频控制策略 13

3.2.1 考虑模式切换的控制策略设计 13

3.2.2 储能自适应调频工况 13

3.3仿真验证与讨论 15

3.3.1仿真系统模型和参数 15

3.3.2二次调频评估指标 15

3.3.3仿真验证结果 16

3.4本章小结 19

总结与展望 20

参考文献 21

致谢 23

第一章 绪论

1.1 选题背景与意义

随着世界经济形势的发展以及电力需求不断的提升，电网的建设却没有得到同步发展。并且伴随着能源的日益短缺，气候变暖、环境污染等问题，如何才能节能减排、使用绿色能源及可持续发展变成了世界范围内的重点研究问题。在这种现状和需求的基础上，各种新能源如风能、太阳能得到迅速的发展，但以风能、太阳能为主的清洁能源有着间歇性与随机性较强，而且难以预测的特点，当其大规模并网后将会对电网频率稳定等问题带来非常明显的影响，而其自身通常没有调频能力，从而加重了整个电网的调频负担^[1]。频率的异常将会带来十分严重的后果。因此，要想维持电力系统安全可靠的运行，就要对频率进行有效的控制。正因如此，当前炙手可热的研究问题之一就是如何在新型能源不断提高并网所占比例的状况下保持电网的频率稳定。

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