我国新能源汽车产业国际竞争力问题研究

论文总字数：27437字

摘 要

自二十世纪九十年代开始，各国逐渐重视出二氧化碳过度排放带来的气候景象环境问题。碳排放较多的传统产业由于受到压力纷纷探索转型升级路径。能源安全、环境污染、气候恶化是现今世界经济以及人类发展所面临的最为严厉的三大挑战。截止至2018年，全球已经拥有超过十亿台汽车。传统燃油汽车尽管具有便捷性与高效性的优势，但它的使用无疑会让本就已经不堪重负的环境更加恶化，不仅会让全球变暖更加严重，也会让人体健康受到威胁和危害。随着能源与环境问题日趋严峻，新能源产业日渐兴起，新能源汽车产业正是其中重要一环。世界主要发达国家将发展新能源汽车研发作为其重要的战略方向，社会资源也纷纷流入新能源汽车相关产业。

然而，中国的新能源汽车行业发展步伐相对较晚，虽然国内市场空间广阔，资源优势明显，经过十多年的培育和发展，2015年成为全球最大的新能源汽车销售国。但面对更大的国际市场，中国的新能源汽车还没有做好充分的准备。如何提高我国新能源汽车的国际竞争力，如何使中国成为世界新能源汽车强国，是我们必须关注的问题。

本文以中国新能源汽车产业的国际竞争力为研究对象，首先分析了国内外国际竞争力研究，总结梳理了产业国际竞争力的内涵、理论和竞争力。其次，介绍了我国新能源汽车产业发展过程中的发展现状、发展历程和存在的问题。然后结合波特的“钻石模型”来分析影响中国新能源汽车产业国际竞争力的因素，指出了行业内存在的现象和问题。然后引入“钻石模型”中的指数变量，在此基础上构建新能源汽车产业国际竞争力评价指标体系，通过因子分析法对我国新能源汽车产业国际竞争力做了实证分析。结果表明，我国新能源汽车产业的综合实力一直处于世界前列，在市场规模、需求和产业资金净流入方面具有明显优势，但在核心技术创新和基础设施建设方面与发达国家相比，还存在一定差距。最后根据综合分析结果，提出增强我国新能源汽车产业国际竞争力的相应的对策和建议，即：以政府角度，加强技术研发和商业模式的创新；加强技术型和综合型人才的培养；制定合理的国际化发展战略；倡导“绿色出行”的社会理念；优化基础设施的数量。以企业角度，提升新能源汽车创新能力；打造高质量的自主品牌。

关键词：新能源汽车；国际竞争力；钻石模型

A study on the international competitiveness of China's new energy automobile industry

Abstract

Since the 1990s, countries have gradually paid attention to the environmental problems of the climate caused by excessive carbon dioxide emissions. Traditional industries with high carbon emissions are under pressure to explore the path of transformation and upgrading. Energy security, environmental pollution and climate deterioration are the three most serious challenges facing the world economy and human development. By 2018, there are more than one billion cars worldwide. Despite the advantages of convenience and efficiency, the use of conventional fuel vehicles will undoubtedly worsen an already overburdened environment, not only to make global warming worse, but also to put people's health at risk and harm. With the increasingly serious energy and environmental problems, the new energy industry is emerging, the new energy automobile industry is an important part of it. The world's major developed countries will develop new energy vehicle research and development as its important strategic direction, social resources have also flowed into new energy vehicle-related industries.

However, The pace of development of China's new energy vehicle industry is relatively late, although the domestic market space is vast, resource advantages are obvious, after more than a decade of cultivation and development, in 2015 became the world's largest new energy vehicle sales country. But in the face of the larger international market, China's new energy vehicles are not fully prepared. How to improve the international competitiveness of China's new energy vehicles, how to make China become the world's new energy vehicle power, is our concern.

Taking the international competitiveness of China's new energy automobile industry as the research object, this paper first analyzes the international competitiveness research at home and abroad, summarizes and summarizes the connotation, theory and competitiveness of the international competitiveness of the industry. Secondly, it introduces the development status, development course and existing problems in the development of China's new energy automobile industry. Then combined with Porter's “diamond model” to analyze the factors affecting the international competitiveness of China's new energy vehicle industry, pointed out the existing phenomena and problems in the industry. Then the index variable in “Diamond Model” is introduced, on this basis, the evaluation index system of the international competitiveness of the new energy automobile industry is constructed, and the international competitiveness of the new energy automobile industry in China is empirically analyzed by factor analysis method. The results show that the comprehensive strength of China's new energy automobile industry has always been in the forefront of the world, which has obvious advantages in terms of market size, demand and net inflow of industrial capital, but there is still a certain gap compared with developed countries in core technological innovation and infrastructure construction. Finally, according to the comprehensive analysis results, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions to enhance the international competitiveness of China's new energy automobile industry are put forward, namely: strengthening the innovation of technology research and development and business model from the government's point of view; From an enterprise perspective, enhance the innovation ability of new energy vehicles and build high-quality independent brands.

Keywords: New energy vehicles; International competitiveness; Diamond model

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪 论 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 研究意义 1

1.3 研究内容 1

1.4 研究方法 1

第二章 文献综述和相关理论 3

2.1 文献综述 3

2.1.1国外研究综述 3

2.1.2 国内研究综述 3

2.2 理论基础 4

第三章 我国新能源汽车产业的发展现状和主要问题 5

3.1概念界定 5

3.2 我国新能源汽车产业的发展现状 5

3.2.1 市场规模 5

3.2.2 基础设施建设 6

3.2.3 产业政策 7

3.3 我国新能源汽车产业的发展历程 8

3.4 我国新能源汽车产业发展中的主要问题 9

第四章 我国新能源汽车产业国际竞争力影响因素分析 10

4.1 生产要素 10

4.2 国内市场需求 10

4.3 相关与支持产业 10

4.4 企业战略、企业结构和同业竞争 11

4.5 机会与政府 11

第五章 我国新能源汽车产业国际竞争力的实证研究 12

5.1 新能源汽车产业国际竞争力指标体系构建 12

5.1.1 指标体系设计原则 12

5.1.2 新能源汽车产业国际竞争力评价指标体系的构建 12

5.2 我国新能源汽车产业国际竞争力实证研究 13

5.2.1 因子分析模型 13

5.2.2 我国新能源汽车产业国际竞争力因子分析 14

5.2.3 实证结果分析 18

第六章 结论与对策建议 20

6.1 进一步增强技术研发能力 20

6.2 加强商业模式的创新 20

6.3 注重人才培养 20

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