论文总字数：28283字

摘 要

近年来，随着经济的快速发展，城市化进程的不断加快，城市人口和机动车保有量的增加，城市的交通供给已经不能满足居民日常的交通需求，开始出现交通拥堵问题。然而道路建设量的扩大不能从根本上解决交通供给不足的问题，需要严格控制交通需求的源头。

经国内外多年研究表明，公交优先可以从很大程度上解决交通拥堵的问题。通过优先发展大运量、快速度的公共交通，限制小运量、人均道路利用率低的小汽车等私人交通工具，可以在很大程度上提高城市道路的利用效率。其中，公交信号优先作为公交优先的关键内容，也是本文研究的重点，主要内容如下：

首先，文章对公交优先和公交信号优先相关概念进行介绍，并对公交信号优先中的主动优先策略的五中实现方式进行阐述，包括控制策略中的三个基本参数：最小绿灯时间、单位绿灯延长时间和最大绿灯时间，为后续章节中研究主动优先控制的实现过程奠定基础。

其次，文章介绍了公交信号优先控制交叉口的效益评价指标，并对优先相位与非优先相位车辆在绿灯早启和绿灯延长策略下延误的变化进行分析，为后续章节检验优化策略的有效性提供检测指标。此外，文章对交叉口某一进口道的交通量与延误的关系进行研究，为解释检测指标在不同控制策略下的变化提供理论依据。

最后，使用仿真软件对实测的单点交叉口进行仿真。以行程时间和延误为评价指标，对比分析现有交叉口固定信号配时方案、韦伯斯特信号配时优化方案和使用主动优先策略控制下的优化方案。结果证明，主动优先策略能够在优化后的固定信号配时方案的基础上进行进一步优化，能够证明主动优先策略在减少公交车辆在交叉口延误的有效性。

关键词：公交；主动优先控制策略；绿灯早启；绿灯延长；延误

THE SIMULATION OF INTERSECTION BASED ON GIVING PRIORITY TO PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

Abstract

Recently, with the rapid development of the economy, the process of civilization increased continuously, and the increased number of the population and the motor vehicles, the supply resource of civil traffic cannot meet the standard of traffic demand. As a result, the problem of traffic jam aroused. However, the construction of road cannot be the best solution to the problem, what we have to do is control the source of traffic.

The research of domestic and foreign expects have revealed that giving priority to the public transport could remit the problem of traffic jam to some degree. By giving priority to public transport which carry much people and run fast and limit the development of private vehicle that cannot carry much people and fail to use the road resource very efficiently, which do good to the use ratio of road. Besides, optimize the traffic signal for public transport is the key part of giving priority to public transport and the key of the essay. The main content is summarized as follows:

Firstly, the essay has introduced the related concept of optimize the traffic signal for public transport and giving priority to public transport. Then several strategies of active preference were introduced, which includes three essential parameters: the minimum time of green light, the partial extension of green light and the maximum time of green light. That has establish the foundation of the research of the active control of preference.

Secondly, the essay has introduced the evolution index for the preference of signal control of junctions and analyzed the delay of several control strategy, which provide the checking index for the effectiveness of the optimized strategy. Besides, the relationship between traffic volume and delay is studied, which will help to explain the parameters used in the following part.

Finally, simulation software is used in the investigated junction. Travel time and delay are used as the evaluation index, three schemes are contrasted. The first is the fixed time of signal control of the junction, the second is the strategy which is optimized by the Webster formulate, the third is the strategy which use the active preference of signal control. It turned out to be that active preference strategy could make further optimization after the optimization of the fixed time signal control which use the Webster formulate, which proves that the active preference strategy is effective in decreasing the delay of traffic.

Key words: public transportation; active preference control strategy; early green; extended green; delay

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景 1

1.2研究意义 1

1.3研究现状 2

1.3.1国外研究现状 2

1.3.2国内研究现状 2

1.4研究内容与技术路线 3

第二章 公交优先基本理论 5

2.1公交优先的内涵 5

2.1.1公交优先的定义 5

2.1.2公交优先的分类 5

2.2公交信号优先 7

2.3公交信号优先控制策略 8

2.3.1被动优先 8

2.3.2主动优先 9

2.3.3实时优先 12

2.3.4公交优先策略比较 13

2.4主动优先信号配时参数优化 13

2.4.1最小绿灯时间 13

2.4.2单位绿灯延长时间 14

2.4.3最大绿灯时间 14

2.5本章小结 15

第三章 公交优先信号控制交叉口的效益评价 16

3.1信号控制交叉口效益评价指标 16

3.2主动优先交叉口延误分析 17

3.2.1车均延误变化 17

3.2.2人均延误变化 18

3.3延误与交通量关系的研究 19

3.3.1路网建立与参数设置 19

3.3.2结果分析 20

3.4本章小结 22

第四章 多公交优先申请下的仿真测试 23

4.1信号交叉口特征 23

4.1.1交叉口概况 23

4.1.2交叉口数据 23

4.1.3检测器的设置 25

4.2现有交叉口信号控制优化 26

4.2.1相位设计方案 26

4.2.2配时设计方案 26

4.2.3固定信号配时优化结果分析 28

4.3主动优先控制策略参数计算与程序编制 31

4.3.1主动优先控制策略 31

4.3.2主动优先控制参数 31

4.3.3基于VISVAP的主动优先控制实现 31

4.3.4运行仿真程序 34

4.4仿真结果分析 35

4.5本章小结 37

第五章 结论与展望 38

5.1研究结论 38

5.2展望 38

参考文献 40

第一章 绪论

1.1研究背景

我国的城市化水平自建国以来一直处于停滞不前的状态，城市化进程在很长一段时间内处于停滞状态。而改革开放的举措大大提高了我国的城市化水平，催生了全国上下城市规模的快速膨胀。随着“造城运动”轰轰烈烈的进行，原本的城市系统各部分之间的平衡被打破，人多地少、车多路少问题逐渐凸显。此外，人口的大规模流动，原本的道路资源已不再能够维持所需，加剧了城市的交通问题。

交通拥堵的问题直接影响着城市经济的可持续发展和居民的正常生活。交通拥堵的原因主要归结于两个方面。其一，城市汽车行业的飞速发展使得小汽车走入寻常百姓家，成为居民出行的重要的代步工具，然而小汽车对路面的利用率是远不及公共交通的，对城市交通产生了很大压力；其二，城市的基础建设无法满足城市的交通需求，虽然交通控制与管理在一定程度上缓解了城市的交通供需矛盾，但无法从根本上解决问题。

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