论文总字数：21843字

摘 要

目前大部分停车场管理系统的核心功能都是对每辆车的精确计时和收费，甚至只有这个功能。停车场的管理者不会在乎用户是否能迅速、方便地寻找到停车位，他们更在乎的是准确实现收费。我们小组决定将目光放在停车场管理系统上，如果能设计出一款成本低、但又很智能化的停车场管理系统，相信这对停车难问题可以启到一定程度的缓解。

该系统最大的亮点在于可以实现停车场导航。不仅用户找车位停车的时候，而且当用户要离开停车场找自己的车时，都只需要拿出手机进入我们的系统点击导航功能就能实现。这样可以节约在停车与找车大量的时间，带给用户完全不一样的出行感受。

在整个智能停车管理系统中我主要负责的是实现车位的检测，以及图像的采集与传输。

当一辆车停入车位时，不仅可以检测到该车位上有车，还会对该车位上的车进行拍照。然后将拍到的图片传给服务器，服务器会对图像进行识别得到车牌号，同时将车位号以及车位上对应的车牌号写入数据库，这是实现车辆导航功能的基础。当然还能获得停入车位的时间，这还能实现传统的收费计时功能。

本文首先介绍了停车管理系统的研究背景、国内外现状对比。然后讲解了本系统使用的相关技术以及选取的硬件，再是对各个模块的电路图；软件程序都进行了相信的设计与分析

最后经测试本系统成功的实现了对车位的检测、图像的采集、传输和存储。

关键词：智能停车管理系统;车位检测；超声波测距；图像采集；图像传输

"Smart City" Smart Parking Navigation System

Abstract

At present, the core function of most parking lot management systems is to accurately time and charge each vehicle, and even only this function. Parking lot managers don't care whether users can find parking spaces quickly and easily, they care more about the accurate implementation of charges. Our team decided to focus on the parking lot management system. If we can design a low-cost but very intelligent parking lot management system, I believe this can alleviate the difficulty of parking to a certain extent.

The biggest highlight of this system is that it can realize parking lot navigation. Not only when the user is looking for a parking space to park, but also when the user wants to leave the parking lot to find his own car, he only needs to take out his mobile phone to enter our system and click on the navigation function. This can save a lot of time in parking and finding a car, and give users a completely different travel experience.

In the entire intelligent parking management system, I am mainly responsible for the detection of parking spaces, as well as the collection and transmission of images. When a car parks in a parking space, it can not only detect that there is a car in the parking space, but also take pictures of the car in the parking space. Then the captured pictures are sent to the server, and the server will recognize the image to obtain the license plate number, and write the parking space number and the corresponding license plate number on the parking space into the database, which is the basis for realizing the vehicle navigation function. Of course, the time to park in the parking space can also be obtained, which can also realize the traditional charging and timing function. This article first introduces the research background of parking management system and the comparison of current situation at home and abroad. Then explained the related technology used in the system and the selected hardware, and then the circuit diagram of each module; the software program has been designed and analyzed. Finally, after testing, the system successfully realized the detection of parking spaces, image acquisition, transmission and storage.

Keywords:intelligent parking management system; parking space detection; ultrasonic ranging; image acquisition; image transmission

目录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 引言 1

1.1研究背景 1

1.2停车难的主要问题 1

1.3国内外研究现状 1

1.4停车位检测技术 2

1.5本论文的主要工作 2

第二章 系统总体设计 3

2.1处理器芯片选取 3

2.2超声波模块 3

2.2.1超声波模块硬件选取 3

2.2.2超声波测距原理 4

2.2.3测距误差来源 5

2.3图像传感器硬件选取 6

2.4 串口通信 7

2.5 本章小结 8

第三章 系统硬件电路设计 9

3.1电源模块电路设计 9

3.2 超声波模块电路设计 9

3.3 图像传感器电路设计 10

3.4串口通信电路图设计 12

3.5本章小结 13

第四章 系统软件设计 14

4.1超声波模块程序设计 14

4.2 图像传感器的初始化 16

4.2.1 SCCB接口初始化 16

4.2.2 OV2640初始化 18

4.2.3 DCMI的配置 20

4.3图像采集模块的程序设计 21

4.4串口通信程序设计 24

4.5上位机程序简介 25

4.6本章小结 26

第五章 系统测试 27

5.1超声波检测测试 27

5.2图像采集与串口传输测试 28

5.3本章小结 30

第六章 总结与展望 31

6.1总结 31

6.2展望 31

致谢 32

参考文献 33

引言

1.1研究背景

随着我国经济的迅速发展，城市化进程步伐不断加快。家用汽车已经像当年的自行车一样开始普及，越来越多的人都会选择努力奋斗去购买一辆属于自己的小汽车。据公安部统计，截止到2021年3月全国汽车2.87亿辆。近五年汽车平均增加1800多万辆，比五年前提高了47.9%。汽车确实可以给人们的生活带来巨大的便利，但是由于车辆众多，也出现了交通拥挤、停车困难等许多问题。现在这个问题愈发严重，不仅是大城市，就连许多小城市都出现了这些问题。

1.2停车难的主要问题

目前停车难主要存在以下几方面问题:

(1)车多位少

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