多时间尺度下虚拟电厂优化调度策略

 2022-12-22 11:26:03

论文总字数:29104字

摘 要

需求响应是将需求侧作为供应侧电能的可替代资源加以利用,由此提出需求响应虚拟电厂概念。在此背景下,虚拟电厂可以聚合多种分布式资源,利用丰富的调控手段来提高可再生能源发电的利用率,将成为未来电力系统中的一类重要结构形态。在虚拟发电厂技术研究中,集群可控负荷的控制策略是一个重要的研究方向。空调负荷作为一种负荷侧柔性可调资源可挖掘潜力大,调度方式灵活,是一种优良的需求响应资源,需要进行深入研究。目前国内外针对空调负荷参与系统运行的研究还不够深入,特别是国内相关学术文献论述很少,这与我国当前已投入大量的人力和物力进行空调轮停应用、空调负荷控制的实证试点工作是极不相称的,从系统层面对空调负荷进行运行调度的基本理论问题有待解决。总体而言,空调负荷参与系统运行包含三大核心问题。首先,空调是典型的温控设备,较之白炽灯等常规负荷有其独特的运行特性,必须从设备物理特性出发对空调负荷进行建模;其次,由于其分布分散的负荷特性,必须借助专业的负荷聚合手段将空调负荷需求响应资源集中起来参与系统运行调度;最后,在空调负荷聚合的基础上,研究其参与系统运行的控制方式和策略。

关键词:空调负荷建模;舒适度;虚拟电厂构建;多时间尺度

【abstract】

Demand response uses demand side as an alternative resource of power supply side. This paper proposes the concept of demand response virtual power plant. In this context, virtual power plants aggregate a variety of distributed resources and improve the utilization ratio of renewable energy generation by using rich regulatory means, which will become an important structure of power system in the future. In the virtual power plant technology, the control strategy of cluster controlled load is an important research direction. As a kind of load side flexible adjustable resource, air conditioning load has great potential to be tapped and flexible scheduling mode. It is an excellent demand response resource, which needs to be further studied. At present, the research on air conditioning load participating in system operation at home and abroad is not in-depth, especially the related academic literature at home and abroad is rarely discussed, which is very different from the empirical pilot work that China has invested a lot of manpower and material resources in air conditioning round off application and air conditioning load control, and the basic theoretical problems of air conditioning load operation scheduling from the system level need to be solved. Generally speaking, the air conditioning load participation system operation includes three core issues. First of all, air conditioning is a typical temperature control equipment. Compared with conventional loads such as incandescent lamps, it has its unique operation characteristics, so it is necessary to model the air conditioning load based on the physical characteristics of the equipment. Secondly, because of its distributed load characteristics, it is necessary to concentrate the air conditioning load demand response resources to participate in the system operation scheduling by means of professional load aggregation means; Finally, on the basis of air conditioning load aggregation, the control mode and strategy of air conditioning system are studied.

Key Words: Air conditioning load modeling,Comfort degree,Construction of virtual power plant,Multiple time scales

目 录

第一章 引言 3

1.1 选题背景 3

1.2 国内外研究现状 3

第二章 虚拟电厂 5

2.1虚拟电厂的叙述 5

2.2虚拟电厂与需求响应 5

2.2.1需求响应中的虚拟电厂 5

2.2.2虚拟电厂控制的资源 6

2.2.3虚拟电厂与需求响应的控制模式 6

第三章 空调负荷 7

3.1空调负荷聚合 7

3.2空调负荷的基本模型 7

3.2.1房屋热模型 8

3.2.2控制系统模型 8

3.2.3空调的电气模型 9

3.2.4空调负荷的基本模型 10

第四章 基于舒适度的空调负荷聚合 11

4.1热舒适度指标模型的研究现状 11

4.2热舒适度控制的研究现状 11

4.3基于舒适度的空调负荷聚合 11

4.3.1评价模型 11

4.3.2约束条件 13

4.4有关舒适度的算例分析 14

第五章 多时间尺度调度 15

5.1 空调负荷模型与需求响应特性 15

5.1.1储能模型 15

5.1.2空调的模型与特性 15

5.2基于电力系统备用需求的虚拟电厂日前定制策略 16

5.2.1目标函数 16

5.2.2约束条件 17

5.3考虑调用信号的虚拟电厂日内运行策略 18

5.3.1目标函数 18

5.3.2约束条件 19

5.4实时调度 19

第六章 算例分析 21

6.1虚拟电厂日前定制结果 21

6.1.1虚拟电厂不同风险偏好下的收益分析 21

6.1.2不同风险偏好下虚拟电厂的储备能力 21

6.1.3空调和储能的个人利润 22

6.2 虚拟电厂的盘中操作结果 23

6.2.1储备需求与供应 23

6.2.2虚拟电厂日内收益 24

6.3有关功率的算例分析 25

6.4算例总结 26

第七 章 总结 27

致谢 28

参考文献 29

附录 30

第一章 引言

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