论文总字数：20657字

摘 要

在电力系统中，为了解决继电保护选择性的问题，比如在过流保护中，通常在原有的基础上装设方向元件。对于方向元件的性能的研究早已成为了继电保护领域的重点。

本文首先针对传统的方向元件诸如：功率方向元件、阻抗方向元件的动作特性，判别原理以及在整个继电保护中的作用做了简要的分析和梳理。随后，对各传统方向元件的优缺点做了归纳和比较。

然后，对功率方向元件的接线方式做了简要介绍，叙述了如何才能在保证在各种不同短路故障形式下确地判断短路方向。并对零序功率方向继电器和负序功率方向元件在各种不同的短路故障中的动作状况做了简要介绍，叙述了方向元件可能发生误动或是拒动的原因以及它的解决方法。主要是对功率方向继电器90°接线在各故障情况下的要求，使用规范进行了说明。

再然后，对方向阻抗继电器的接线方式以及处理故障时要注意的问题做了简要介绍。此外，还对方向纵联保护的动作原理以及在各短路故障发生时的动作状况做了简要分析其中，特别分析了某条线路在发生接地短路时纵联保护却没有动作的原因。

关键词：继电保护；方向元件；动作特性；继电器；方向比较式纵联保护

Check and Analysis of the Correct Direction of the Direction of the Relay Protection Direction Component

Abstract

In the power system, in order to solve the problem of relay protection selectivity, for example, in overcurrent protection, directional components are usually installed on the original basis. Research on the performance of directional components has long been the focus of relay protection.

This paper firstly analyzes and combs the traditional directional components such as the power directional component, the action characteristics of the impedance directional component, the discriminating principle and the role in the whole relay protection. Subsequently, the advantages and disadvantages of the various traditional directional components were summarized and compared.

Then, the wiring mode of the power direction component is briefly introduced, and it is described how to ensure the short-circuit direction is surely determined in various short-circuit fault modes. The behaviors of the zero-sequence power direction relay and the negative-sequence power direction component in various short-circuit faults are briefly introduced. The reasons why the directional component may be mis-operated or rejected and its solution are described. Mainly for the power direction relay 90 ° wiring in the case of various fault conditions, the use of specifications have been described.

Then, the wiring method of the directional impedance relay and the problems to be paid attention to when dealing with the fault are briefly introduced. In addition, a brief analysis of the operation principle of the direction longitudinal protection and the operation state of each short-circuit fault is made. In particular, the reason why the longitudinal protection of a certain line does not operate when a ground short circuit occurs is analyzed.

Keywords: Relay Protection; Directional component; Action characteristics;Relay;direction comparison protection system

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 引 言 1

1.1 研究背景及意义 1

1.2 本课题的历史和现状 1

1.3 本课题的未来和发展 2

1.4 本论文的主要工作 3

第二章 传统方向元件特性分析 4

2.1零序功率方向元件 4

2.2负序功率方向元件 5

2.3阻抗方向元件 7

2.4不同传统方向元件特性比较 9

2.4本章小结 9

第三章 功率方向元件动作方向正确性检查 11

3.1功率方向元件接线 11

3.2零序功率方向元件在短路故障时状态 14

3.3负序功率方向元件在发电机匝间短路故障时状态 16

3.4负序功率方向元件在发生区内外短路故障时状态 16

3.5 本章小结 18

第四章 阻抗方向元件动作方向正确性检査 19

4.1阻抗方向元件接线 19

4.2阻抗方向元件在短路故障时状态 21

4.3闭锁式方向纵联保护 22

4.4线路故障时纵联方向保护 23

4.5本章小结 24

第五章 结论与展望 25

5.1 结论 25

5.2 展望 25

致 谢 26

参考文献（References） 27

第一章 引 言

研究背景及意义

1.1.1选题背景

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