一种减速器零件9孔钻组合机床设计

论文总字数：18291字

摘 要

组合机床是按标准化系统化设计的通用部件，和按被加工零件的形状，以及要求设计加工工艺的专用部件组成的专用机床。特殊形状或箱体类的零件一般用组合机床加工。像一些箱体类零件或者形状特殊的零件大多使用组合机床加工。大部分工序都可以使用组合机床加工，比如车削工序、铣削工序、磨削工序、钻扩铰孔、镗孔等工序。并且会使产品质量更稳定，生产效率更高，降低劳动强度。组合机床以其高效性和通用性在现代化加工生产业中占有独特重要的地位。随着国家对振兴制造业的要求越来越高，和国内各产业大量投入加工业，都给制造业的快速发展提供了优秀的外部环境，对我国成为“世界工厂”有极大的帮助。本说明书详细的介绍了设计一种减速器零件9孔钻组合机床的全过程，主要内容如下：

1. 设计零件的加工工艺规程；

2. 设计机床总体，主要有“三图一卡”：生产率计算卡，加工示意图，工序图，机床联系尺寸图；

3. 设计夹具。

4. 设计主轴箱；

关键词:组合机床；钻孔；夹具；主轴箱

Design of a 9-hole drilling Machine tool for Reducer parts

Abstract

Modular machine tool is a special machine tool, which is designed according to standardization and systematization, and according to the shape of processed parts and special parts which require the design of machining process. Parts of special shapes or boxes are generally machined with modular machines. Most processes can be machined using modular machines, such as turning, milling, grinding, drilling and reaming, boring, etc. And can make the product quality more stable, the production efficiency is higher, reduces the labor intensity.Modular machine tools occupy a unique and important position in modern processing industry because of their high efficiency and versatility. With the increasing requirements of the state to revitalize the manufacturing industry, and a large number of domestic industries are invested in the processing industry, they are given to the system. The rapid development of manufacturing industry provides an excellent external environment and is of great help for our country to become a factory of the world. The whole process of designing 9 hole drilling machine tool for reducer parts is introduced in detail. The main contents are as follows:

1. the processing files of the parts;
2. the general design of the machine tool, including the process charts, the illustrations of the process, the lathe’s dimension linkage drawing and the count cards of productivity;
3. the design of the fixture.
4. the design of the general gear box;

Keywords:modular machine；tool drilling；fixture；gear box

目 录

摘 要........................................................................I

Abstract.......................................................................II

第一章 绪论....................................................................1

1.1 组合机床设计的选题背景.................................................1

1.2 组合机床的国内外发展现状...............................................1

1.3 组合机床设计的内容.....................................................1

第二章 加工零件的工艺技术分析..................................................3

2.1 零件图的分析...........................................................3

2.2 工艺路线的分析.........................................................3

2.3 毛坯余量的确定.........................................................4

2.4 工艺规程卡的设计.......................................................5

2.4.1 以上表面为基准粗铣箱体底面四个支撑面...............................5

2.4.2 以底面四个支撑面为基准粗铣上表面...................................6

2.4.3 以底面为基准半精铣上表面...........................................7

2.4.4 以下表面和两侧面为基准钻扩铰4-φ8.5的通孔..........................7

2.4.5 粗铣侧面Φ68mm，Φ54mm和Φ58mm凸圆面...............................8

2.4.6 工序6：粗铣4-Φ16mm的凸台面........................................9

2.4.7 工序7：半精铣侧面Φ68mm，Φ54mm和Φ58mm凸圆面......................9

2.4.8 钻6-M4和3-M5的底孔直径Φ3mm和Φ4.25mm..............................9

第三章 专用夹具设计...........................................................11

3.1 拟定夹具结构方案......................................................11

3.2 定位基准的选择及误差计算..............................................11

3.3 夹紧力的分析计算......................................................13

3.3.1 确定夹紧力的作用点................................................13

3.3.2 确定夹紧力的方向..................................................13

3.3.3 确定夹紧力的大小..................................................13

第四章 组合机床总体设计.......................................................15

4.1 被加工零件的工序图....................................................15

4.2 确定加工示意图........................................................15

4.2.1 绘制加工示意图的顺序..............................................15

4.2.2 编制加工示意图的方法..............................................16

4.3 选择动力部件..........................................................17

4.3.1 确定电动机功率....................................................17

4.3.2 确定切削力、切削转距、切削功率....................................18

4.4 计算组合机床生产率....................................................19

4.5 机床联系尺寸图的绘制..................................................20

4.5.1 确定夹具轮廓尺寸..................................................20

4.5.2 确定多轴箱轮廓尺寸................................................20

4.5.3 确定中间底座尺寸..................................................21

4.6 主轴箱的设计与计算....................................................21

4.6.1 多轴箱设计的原始依据..............................................21

4.6.2 选择主轴结构形式..................................................21

4.6.3 计算多轴箱的动力..................................................22

4.6.4 设计传动系统......................................................22

4.6.5 安置手柄轴........................................................23

4.6.6 安置油泵..........................................................23

4.6.7 轴的检查与连接....................................................24

第五章 总结...................................................................25

致谢...........................................................................26

参考文献.......................................................................27

第一章 绪论

• 1. 组合机床设计的选题背景

组合机床是以通用部件为基础，配以按工件加工工艺设计和特定形状的夹具和专用部件，组成半自动或全自动专用机床。像一些箱体类零件或者形状特殊的零件大多使用组合机床加工。大部分工序都可以使用组合机床加工，比如车削工序、铣削工序、磨削工序、钻扩铰孔、镗孔等工序。并且会使产品质量更稳定，生产效率更高，降低劳动强度。组合机床以其高效性和通用性在现代化加工业中占有独特重要的地位。本课题需要设计减速器零件9孔钻组合机床，加工时要求能达到生产需要。

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