论文总字数：25421字

摘 要

ABSTRACT 4

第一章 绪论 5

1.1 课题研究的目的和意义 5

1.2系统的结构图概述 5

1.3 本论文的主要研究内容 7

第二章 步进式垂线坐标仪 8

2.1步进式垂线坐标仪工作原理 8

2.2光电探头（光电传感器） 9

第三章 硬件电路设计 10

3.1 系统总体方案设计 10

3.1.1 系统需求分析 10

3.1.2 系统整体方案 11

3.2系统硬件设计 11

3.2.1 温度测量单元 11

3.2.2 实时时钟 14

3.2.3 步进电机 15

3.2.4电源电路 16

3.2.5复位电路 16

3.2.6最小系统与外围设备 16

3.3本章总结 19

第四章 系统软件实现 20

4.1 MSP430集成开发调试环境 20

4.2 测量位置方法 20

4.3等精度测量 21

4.4 算术平均值减小误差 21

4.5系统软件设计 22

4.6本章总结 23

第五章 系统调试及性能分析 24

5.1 系统参数指标 24

5.2 调试与测试 24

5.2 性能分析 24

第六章 结论与展望 25

致谢 26

参考文献 27

附 录 28

附录一：温度传感器程序 28

附录二：实时时钟电路 33

附录三 msp430f149引脚功能 37

摘 要

步进式垂线坐标仪测量单元普遍用于水利水电工程、高层建筑项目以及岩土项目的安全智能检测。其检测的主要内容是大坝、船闸及高层建筑物的水平位移和挠度。这种测量装置在预防灾害不仅起到了重要作用，做出了决策，而且也节约了人力，保证了系统正常运行。垂线坐标仪能够保证不受环境的限制, 从而保证所测量的数据的真实可靠，可以真实地反映大坝外观的真实情况。此外, 步进式垂线坐标仪检测大坝时显示数字化的测量特性,同时还具有精度高、可靠性强、操作方便、成本低的优点。

本文扼要介绍了步进式垂线坐标仪的工作原理和特点，并对步进式垂线坐标仪的硬件进行了分析，主要介绍了步进式垂线坐标仪测量单元（总体和软件）。

本文设计的硬件电路分为步进电机传动装置、光电探头测量不件、MSP430最小系统及外设部分等部件组成。步进电机驱动机构包括俩个触发开关，螺旋副，平衡导向元件和步进电机，测量单元由探头的光电瞄准装置，基线杆，测量电路插座组件组成。同时还加装了温度传感器能够更好地适应环境的要求。最小系统及外设部分有单片机最小系统、实时时钟、存储电路、通信电路等。根据实际监控系统的需要，选用MSP430芯片作为微处理器实现多路数据的采集和处理。在温度调理方面，利用比值采样的原理，减少了因环境温度和元件参数变化对电阻值测量的影响。

关键词：步进电机；MSP430芯片；垂线坐标仪；

ABSTRACT

Step by step vertical coordinate measurement unit is generally used in water conservancy and hydropower projects, high-rise building projects and security intelligence test of geotechnical project. The test is the main content of the dam, the ship"s gate and the horizontal displacement and deflection in high-rise buildings. perpendicular coordinate meter can guarantee is not restricted by environment, so as to ensure the reliable of the measured data, can truly reflect the reality of the appearance of the dam. In addition, step by step perpendicular coordinate instrument has the characteristics of digital measurement can more intuitive understanding of the actual circumstances of the dam, at the same time also has a high precision, strong reliability, the advantages of easy operation and low cost.

This paper briefly introduces the working principle of stepping type vertical coordinate meter and characteristics, And the hardware of step by step vertical coordinate instrument are briefly analyzed, Mainly introduced the step by step vertical coordinate measurement unit （Overall and software）.

In this paper, the design of hardware circuit is divided into stepper motor drive, photoelectric sensor measurement, MSP430 minimum system and peripheral parts and other parts. Stepper motor drive mechanism including the trigger switch, screw pair, balance guidance components and stepper motor, etc., by measuring components including photoelectric diopter probe, the benchmark of external socket rod, measuring circuit. Also equipped with a temperature sensor can better adapt to the requirement of environment. Minimum system and peripheral part with single chip microcomputer minimum system, real-time clock, storage circuit, communication circuit, etc. According to the needs of actual monitoring system, selects the MSP430 chip as the microprocessor realization of multi-channel data acquisition and processing. In terms of temperature control, by using the principle of sampling ratio, reduced due to environment temperature and component parameter change on the influence of the resistance measurement.

Key words: Stepper motor;MSP430 chips; Vertical coordinate meter;

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