论文总字数:8630字
摘 要
本文采用气相色谱-质谱分析技术研究了97#汽油及用(NH4)2S2O8-HCl脱硫剂氧化后的汽油的有机物的成分,实验结果表明:(NH4)2S2O8-HCl脱硫剂氧化的汽油主要成分未发生明显变化。关 键 词:汽油,氧化脱硫,(NH4)2S2O8,气相色谱-质谱
Abstract: The compounds in gasoline 97# and gasoline 97# oxidized by S2O82- in HCl solution were identified by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry technique, respectively. The results showed that the component of gasoline 97# oxidized by S2O82- in HCl solution did not change significantly.
Key words: gasoline 97#, oxidative desulfurization, (NH4)2S2O8-HCl, gas chromatography - mass spectrometry
目 录
1 前言 3
2 实验部分 3
2.1 仪器与试剂 3
2.2 仪器分析条件 3
2.3 实验方法 3
3 结果与讨论 3
3.1 色谱图 4
3.2 汽油原油成分分析 4
3.3 氧化处理后的汽油成分分析 12
结 论 20
参 考 文 献 21
致 谢 22
1 前言
随着汽车工业的蓬勃发展,汽油的消耗量不断增加。催化裂化汽油燃烧产生的大量含硫化合物,严重影响着人类的生存环境[1]。汽油燃烧后生成的SOx排放到大气中形成酸雨,酸雨是困扰全球各个国家难以解决的环境问题之一[2]。因此,世界各国都通过立法来限制汽油硫含量,对汽油质量的要求也日渐苛刻。目前,各国研究者都在研究与开发新的脱硫方式,如氧化脱硫[3,4]、吸附脱硫[5]和生物脱硫[6]等。由于加氢脱硫(HDS)技术氢的消耗量很大,另外所用的高活性的催化剂研究投资也是不菲的,氧化脱硫就在此背景下被开发使用。氧化脱硫作为一种新兴的脱硫技术,可在常压和低温下进行,不耗费氢气,设备投资少,操作简单,特别是对HDS难以脱除的噻吩类化合物有较高的脱硫效率成为近年来发展最快的非加氢脱硫技术[7] .本文采用(NH4)2S2O8-HCl脱硫剂氧化汽油,然后采用气相色谱-质谱方法检验汽油的各个成份变化。
2 实验部分
2.1 仪器与试剂
37%HCl,10% (NH4)2S2O8,N,N_二甲基甲酰胺,试剂均为分析纯。恒温水浴锅;磁力搅拌器; GC—MS一2010 Ultra气质联用仪(岛津公司)。
2.2 仪器分析条件
色谱柱是Rtx-1ms弹性石英毛细管柱 ,柱长30.0m, 内径0.25mm ,膜厚0.25μm。 色谱柱温40℃开始保持8分钟,12℃每分钟升到300℃保持5分钟,进样口温度300℃, 分流进样比50比1,进样量0.2μL, 柱流量每分钟0.88ml 。
质谱离子源温度200℃,接口温度200℃,溶剂切出时间3分钟,检测器电压1000v ,扫描范围30到1000。
2.3 实验方法
将10.00ml37%HCl,10% (NH4)2S2O810.00ml,97#汽油10.00ml同时加入圆底烧瓶中,置于恒温水浴锅中,保持水浴的温度为35℃不变,在磁力搅拌的作用下反应2h,反应结束后,取出反应物在室温下静置,分出油相,用10ml水洗三次,再用10ml N,N-二甲基甲酰胺洗三次, 取上清液1ml,用三氯甲烷稀释10倍,取0.2l按2.2仪器分析条件,用气质联用仪定性分析。
3 结果与讨论
3.1 色谱图
97#汽油样品经氧化处理前后的色谱图见图1和图2,可以看出,汽油处理前后其主要成分未发生明显改变。
图1 97#汽油原油谱图
图2 97#氧化后的色谱图
3.2 汽油原油成分分析
未经处理的汽油经质谱检索的主要成分见表1,从表1可以看出,共检出93种物质,其中烷烃36种,烯烃20 种,其它37种,其主要成分为C7-C10烃类物质。
表1 97#汽油的主要成分分析
No. | 保留时间(min) | 相似度 | 分子式 | 分子结构 |
1 | 3.125 | 95 | C7H16 |
|
2 | 3.260 | 96 | C7H16 |
|
3 | 3.375 | 92 | C7H14 |
|
4 | 3.585 | 70 | C16H34N2 | |
5 | 3.605 | 73 | C4H6N20 |
|
6 | 3.705 | 93 | C7H16 |
|
7 | 3.910 | 80 | C7H14 | |
8 | 4.130 | 93 | C7H14 |
|
9 | 4.205 | 82 | C12H24 |
|
10 | 4.425 | 89 | C7H14 |
|
11 | 4.520 | 92 | C8H18 | |
12 | 4.670 | 85 | C8H16 | |
13 | 5.075 | 97 | C7H8 | |
14 | 5.345 | 83 | C7H140 | |
15 | 5.575 | 93 | C8H18 |
|
16 | 5.860 | 89 | C8H18 |
|
17 | 6.150 | 73 | C2H6N402 | |
18 | 6.320 | 84 | C8H16 |
|
19 | 6.550 | 72 | C16H34N2 | |
20 | 6.655 | 76 | C8H16 |
|
21 | 6.700 | 70 | C8H14 |
|
22 | 6.790 | 74 | C16H34N2 | |
23 | 6.925 | 77 | C7H12O | |
24 | 7.065 | 89 | C8H18 | |
25 | 7.480 | 76 | C2H6N402 | |
26 | 7.690 | 74 | C16H34N2 | |
27 | 8.210 | 73 | C18H38N2 | |
28 | 8.370 | 78 | C8H18 | |
29 | 8.500 | 84 | C8H16 | |
30 | 8.705 | 80 | C10H22 | |
31 | 8.745 | 70 | C12H24 | |
32 | 8.990 | 86 | C9H20 | |
33 | 9.150 | 72 | C18H38N2 | |
34 | 9.335 | 91 | C8H10 | |
35 | 9.685 | 95 | C8H10 | |
36 | 9.820 | 77 | C8H16O | |
37 | 10.145 | 89 | C9H20 | |
38 | 10.180 | 89 | C10H22 | |
39 | 10.405 | 90 | C9H20 | |
40 | 10.475 | 92 | C8H10 | |
41 | 10.715 | 79 | C9H18 | |
42 | 10.875 | 71 | C18H38N2 | |
43 | 10.960 | 72 | C4H6N20 | |
44 | 11.130 | 73 | C4H10N2 | |
45 | 11.315 | 89 | C8H18 | |
46 | 11.440 | 71 | C18H38N2 | |
47 | 11.545 | 66 | C9H1202 | |
48 | 11.585 | 72 | C7H15N | |
49 | 11.975 | 73 | C11H22 |
|
50 | 12.055 | 83 | C19H40 | |
51 | 12.105 | 72 | C18H38N2 | |
52 | 12.280 | 85 | C8H17Br | |
53 | 12.335 | 84 | C9H12 | |
54 | 12.410 | 76 | C19H40 | |
55 | 12.495 | 88 | C9H12 | |
56 | 12.535 | 93 | C9H12 |
|
57 | 12.725 | 94 | C9H12 | |
58 | 12.950 | 73 | C18H30 | |
59 | 13.025 | 87 | C11H24 | |
60 | 13.095 | 76 | C11H24O | |
61 | 13.165 | 89 | C11H22 | |
62 | 13.285 | 96 | C9H12 | |
63 | 13.695 | 72 | C4H6N2O | |
64 | 13.795 | 91 | C10H22 | |
65 | 13.865 | 90 | C9H12 | |
66 | 13.930 | 66 | C10H14 | |
67 | 13.995 | 60 | C2H5N302 | |
68 | 14.080 | 81 | C17H18 | |
69 | 14.230 | 74 | C19H40 | |
70 | 14.280 | 78 | C10H20O | |
71 | 14.380 | 80 | C16H34 | |
72 | 14.465 | 74 | C10H14 | |
73 | 14.515 | 82 | C10H14 | |
74 | 14.590 | 73 | C11H14O2 | |
75 | 14.650 | 89 | C10H14 | |
76 | 14.800 | 72 | C11H14O | |
77 | 15.035 | 74 | C21H34O2 | |
78 | 15.130 | 85 | C10H14 | |
79 | 15.360 | 80 | C10H180 | |
80 | 15.475 | 68 | C12H18 | |
81 | 15.645 | 88 | C11H24 | |
82 | 15.680 | 79 | C10H14 | |
83 | 15.740 | 83 | C10H14 | |
84 | 15.950 | 76 | C18H38N2 | |
85 | 16.015 | 72 | C10H12 | |
86 | 16.115 | 64 | C8H17Cl | |
87 | 16.545 | 68 | C7H14O | |
88 | 16.615 | 61 | C20H18N4 | |
89 | 16.665 | 70 | C10H220 | |
90 | 16.770 | 68 | C6H120 | |
91 | 17.190 | 78 | C19H40 | |
92 | 18.555 | 78 | C18H38N2 | |
93 | 19.085 | 72 | C3H7NO |
3.3 氧化处理后的汽油成分分析
经氧化后的97#汽油经质谱检索的主要成分见表2,从表2可以看出,共检出81种物质,其中烷烃16种,烯烃13种,其它52种,其主要成分为C7-C10烃类物质。
表2 处理汽油的主要成分分析
No. | 保留时间(min) | 相似度 | 分子式 | 分子结构 |
1 | 3.125 | 93 | C7H16 | |
2 | 3.260 | 93 | C7H16 | |
3 | 3.365 | 79 | C7H14 | |
4 | 3.430 | 79 | C7H16O | |
5 | 3.705 | 86 | C7H16 | |
6 | 3.910 | 72 | C4H6N2O | |
7 | 4.000 | 73 | C16H34N2 | |
8 | 4.130 | 85 | C7H14 | |
9 | 4.425 | 74 | C3H5N3O | |
10 | 4.470 | 77 | C18H38N2 | |
11 | 4.670 | 73 | C16H34N2 | |
12 | 4.885 | 75 | C16H34N2 | |
13 | 5.080 | 97 | C7H8 | |
14 | 5.345 | 77 | C18H38N2 | |
15 | 5.445 | 72 | C2H6N402 | |
16 | 5.580 | 88 | C8H18 | |
17 | 5.870 | 85 | C8H18 | |
18 | 6.325 | 74 | C16H34N2 | |
19 | 6.460 | 74 | C3H5N3O | |
20 | 6.660 | 73 | C16H34N2 | |
21 | 6.710 | 74 | CH5N3O |
|
22 | 6.925 | 74 | C2H6N4O2 |
|
23 | 7.075 | 79 | C8H18 |
|
24 | 7.315 | 72 | C2H6N4O2 | |
25 | 7.700 | 80 | CH5N3O | |
26 | 8.200 | 78 | CH5N3O | |
27 | 8.365 | 77 | C2H6N4O2 | |
28 | 8.500 | 73 | C16H34N2 | |
29 | 8.850 | 74 | CH5N3O | |
30 | 8.995 | 77 | C16H34N2 | |
31 | 9.340 | 85 | C8H10 | |
32 | 9.690 | 93 | C8H10 | |
33 | 9.815 | 72 | C16H34N2 | |
34 | 10.145 | 76 | C9H20 | |
35 | 10.185 | 80 | C10H22 | |
36 | 10.410 | 80 | C19H40 | |
37 | 10.485 | 89 | C8H10 | |
38 | 10.720 | 72 | C16H34N2 | |
39 | 10.950 | 72 | C2H6N4O2 | |
40 | 11.320 | 80 | C19H40 | |
41 | 11.550 | 67 | C2H5N3O2 | |
42 | 11.980 | 72 | C2H6N4O2 | |
43 | 12.050 | 77 | C16H34N2 | |
44 | 12.280 | 77 | C18H38N2 | |
45 | 12.345 | 74 | C15H17N | |
46 | 12.540 | 90 | C9H12 | |
47 | 12.730 | 89 | C9H12 | |
48 | 12.950 | 73 | C9H12 | |
49 | 13.025 | 76 | C18H38N2 | |
50 | 13.290 | 95 | C9H12 | |
51 | 13.465 | 70 | C2H6N4O2 | |
52 | 13.795 | 76 | C19N40 | |
53 | 14.085 | 73 | C17H18 | |
54 | 14.480 | 64 | C2H5N3O2 | |
55 | 14.525 | 73 | C10H14 | |
56 | 14.650 | 64 | C10H14 |
|
57 | 14.920 | 75 | C2H6N4O2 | |
58 | 14.995 | 73 | C10H14 | |
59 | 15.030 | 69 | C11H14O2 | |
60 | 15.135 | 76 | C10H14 | |
61 | 15.360 | 65 | C8H5N |
|
62 | 15.475 | 68 | C11H17NO | |
63 | 15.650 | 78 | C18H38N2 | |
64 | 15.690 | 68 | C11H17NO | |
65 | 15.745 | 71 | C10H14 | |
66 | 16.020 | 65 | C2H5N3O2 |
|
67 | 16.175 | 67 | C17H18 |
|
68 | 16.255 | 69 | C2H5N3O2 | |
69 | 16.630 | 61 | C8H9N5O2 |
|
70 | 16.705 | 64 | C4H13N3 | |
71 | 16.800 | 65 | C2H6N4O2 | |
72 | 19.085 | 72 | C7H3NO | |
73 | 19.910 | 75 | C11H17NO |
|
74 | 20.075 | 77 | C8H17N |
|
75 | 20.360 | 78 | C6H12N2O |
|
76 | 20.385 | 79 | C3H7NO2 |
|
77 | 20.485 | 80 | C9H13N |
|
78 | 21.150 | 70 | C3H5NO4 |
|
79 | 22.975 | 79 | C3H7NO |
|
80 | 23.065 | 84 | C3H10N2 |
|
81 | 23.260 | 82 | C3H9NO |
|
结 论
97#汽油及经氧化处理的97#汽油色谱-质谱分析表明,原油中共93种有机物,氧化后的汽油检出81种化合物,主要成分为烷烃和烯烃,汽油氧化前后主要成分未见明显变化。氯化有机物未检出,表明氯离子未参与反应。
参 考 文 献
[1]祝良富,王月霞.清洁柴油燃料及生产新工艺[J].天然气与石油,2001,19(4):25-29
剩余内容已隐藏,请支付后下载全文,论文总字数:8630字
该课题毕业论文、开题报告、外文翻译、程序设计、图纸设计等资料可联系客服协助查找;