浅析王铎与怀素“一笔书”表现之异同

 2023-05-28 01:10:54

论文总字数:12187字

摘 要

“一笔书”在特定的年代被书家们创造出来,在其传承过程中,尤以怀素、王铎独具特色。怀素表现出“一笔书”的绵延和婉通;而王铎则以行入草表现出“一笔书”高堂巨制草书的气势,这正是对“一笔书”含义真正的诠释。本文欲从二人的笔法、章法、书写材料等方面探讨他们对“一笔书”的融合与创新。

关键字:王铎 怀素 “一笔书” 异同

Abstract:

"A book" by calligraphers created in the specific time, in the process of transmission, especially in the Huai Su, Wang Duo unique. The Huai Su showed "a book" stretch and pass, and Wang Duo for the grass more shows "a book" cursive style.This is "a book" true interpretation. This paper intends to explore from the second person strokes, Zhang Fa, writing materials, their fusion on "a book" and innovation.

Keywords: Wang Duo, Huai Su "a book" similarities and differences

目录

摘要································································3

1“一笔书”的多种释义·············································5

1.1“楷书”说·····················································6

1.2“草书”说·····················································6

2怀素、王铎二人“一笔书”表现笔法之异同························8

2.1怀素、王铎二人“一笔书”表现笔法之同----绵延的方式·········8

2.2怀素、王铎二人“一笔书”表现笔法之异··························10

3怀素、王铎二人“一笔书”表现章法处理之异同······················11

3.1 怀素、王铎二人“一笔书”表现章法处理之同··················11

3.2 怀素、王铎二人“一笔书”表现章法处理之异···················13

4 怀素、王铎二人“一笔书”表现书写材料之异同····················15

4.1 怀素、王铎二人“一笔书”表现书写材料之同·················15

4.2 怀素、王铎二人“一笔书”表现书写材料之异·················16

5 结论·····························································18

注释·································································19

参考文献····························································20

1 “一笔书”的多种释义

“一笔书”传承甚久,对于其说法也众说纷纭,而谈论最多的则是草书的笔意即---用笔的绵延,而我也认为“一笔书”作为草书的绵延来讲最合适不过了。

1.1 指用笔无变化

主要指一笔一画的书写。比如米芾批评唐人楷书的用笔太匀,说:“ 欧、虞、褚、柳、颜,皆一笔书也。安排费工,岂能垂世。「2」章法上是“印版排算”,笔法上自然是“一笔书”了。这里强调了楷书中相同的用笔,少有变化,把用笔统一等于一笔书写,所以是一笔书写完成的作品。

1.2 指用笔的绵延

指草书,这是从草书技法与形势的角度去理解。指字的体势一笔而成,并非整篇连绵不断,从笔锋的连带关系中看到彼此的呼应,从而达到气脉通达的精神。刘熙载《艺概》云:

“张伯英草书隔行不断,谓之“一笔书”。 「3」

张怀瓘《书断》中说:

“字之体势,一笔而成,偶有不连,而血脉不断,及其连者,气候通其隔行。惟王子敬明其深指,故行首之字,往往继前行之末,世称一笔书者。”「4」

“一笔书”为书法术语,指草书文字间自始至终笔画连绵相续,如一笔直下而成,故名,系汉代张芝首创。关于“一笔书”,张彦远曾作过这样一段阐述:

昔张芝学崔瑗、杜度草书之法,因而变之,以成今草。书之体势,一笔而成,气脉通连,隔行不断,唯王子敬明其深旨,故行首之字,往往继其前行,世上谓之“一笔书”。 「1」

这里,张彦远提出“一笔书”的命题和范畴,将“一笔书”定位在草书书法的用笔之内,然而关于“一笔书”众说纷纭,不论其出处,“一笔书”的诞生都将是中国书法史上最为灿烂的一章。

“一笔书”是从书法创作的实践总结出来的。它最早表现于东汉张芝的“今草”。张芝学崔杜之法,变崔杜“章草”之“字字区别”,为上下字间的气脉通畅,牝牡相顾,“如流水速,拔茅连茹,上下牵连。”这是张芝“今草”的书法特点,完全不同于前人。但东汉时期不为书家所深明,更未被称作“一笔书”。及至晋王献之方“明其深旨”,在书法创作中继承和发展了张芝“今草”的特点,“一笔而成,气脉通连,隔行不断”,世人谓之“一笔书”。

“一笔书”的最早提出者是南北朝时期梁武帝(萧衍)时代的书法家兼书论家庾元威。他说:

张芝始作一笔飞白书,此于井册等字为妙。所以唯云一笔飞白书。则无所不通矣。敬通又能一笔草书,一行一断,婉约流利,特出天性,顷来莫有继者。「5」

“一笔书”虽然提出,但庾元威并未道明“一笔书”的实质所在,而做到这点的则是唐代书论家张怀瓘。他说:

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