我国行刑社会化的制度反思及完善

论文总字数：9870字

摘 要

随着人类社会的不断发展，法制也在日新月异地变化着，特别是刑罚，更是由单一的生命屠戮发展成了自由刑。正所谓徒法不足以自行，刑罚正是维护法制权威，达到打击和预防犯罪的目的的必要存在。随着生命刑逐渐退出历史舞台，自由刑之下，回归社会的犯人将遇到各种各样的问题。目前，国内以社区矫正为代表的多种方式逐步实现着行刑社会化，功效卓著，但仍存在诸多值得反思的地方，本文将重点反思当下制度的优点与不足，在分析社区矫正与开放教育优势与不足的同时提出优化教育资源内外结构、开放化分级处遇、半自由刑设想的行刑社会化完善途径。

关键词：刑罚执行；再犯罪；行刑社会化；法制现代化

Institutional Reflection and Improvement of the Socialization of Execution in China

Heji

（School of Law Politics and Public Administration, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an Jiangsu, 223001）

Abstract:With the continuous development of human society, the legal system is changing with each passing day, especially the penalty, which has undergone a tremendous change from the original slaughter to the present free punishment. The execution of penalty is for the purpose of establishing criminal law. The so-called imprisonment is not enough for itself. Penalty is the necessary existence of safeguarding the authority of the legal system and achieving the purpose of combating and preventing crime.Most prisoners will return to society. If they neglect the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of criminals in the execution of penalties and use the positive influence of society to help educate criminals to reduce the distance between criminals and society, they will probably be unable to adapt to society and lead to the road of recidivism, which is contrary to the purpose of the establishment of criminal law itself. On the other hand, excessive indulgence of criminals will lead to penalty execution losing the function of revenge and punishment.Socialization of execution is one of the directions of perfecting penalty under the requirement of modernization of legal system, which has important research value. At present, the various ways represented by community correction are gradually realizing the socialization of execution in our country, with remarkable effect, but there are still many places worthy of reflection. This paper will focus on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the current execution system, and strive to put forward practical ways to improve the level of our execution socialization, in order to meet the requirements of the modernization of the legal system.

Key Words: execution of punishment； Re committing a crime；Socialization of execution；Modernization of Legal System

目 录

一、行刑社会化的合适内涵 1

二、行刑社会化的意义 1

（一）再社会化渊源角度 1

（二）刑罚发展角度 2

（三）实现刑罚本质和刑罚目的角度 3

（四）法制现代化角度 3

三、我国行刑社会化的现状及其反思 3

（一）社区矫正的优势与不足 3

（二）开放教育与监狱自学考试的优势与不足 5

四、完善行刑社会化的途径 5

（一）优化教育资源的内外结构 5

（二）开放化分级处遇 6

（三）半自由刑设想 6

五、结语 7

参考文献 8

致 谢： 9

1. 行刑社会化的合适内涵

什么是行刑社会化？马克昌教授在他的《刑罚通论》中提出，“是指监狱在刑罚执行的过程中，要调动监狱外的一切社会因素，合理救助改造罪犯分子并保证和巩固刑罚执行的效果，确保行刑目的的实现”，陈明华教授在《刑法学》中提出，“刑罚地执行应当充分地依靠和利用社会力量对罪犯进行帮助教育，培养罪犯适应社会生活的能力和社会责任感，促使罪犯早日重返社会”。可见，社会积极力量与因素的参与可以作为行刑社会化界定的重要理论依托。

而陈兴良教授则更倾向将其作为行刑模式的改革来看待，所谓行刑社会化，“是指不再把监狱看作是单纯的国家机关，仅仅具有国家附属物的性质，而是视为一种社会事业，是解决犯罪这一社会问题的场所。监狱应由过去的全封闭改为半开放甚至开放式的现代化监狱，为犯罪人刑满以后顺利地回归社会创造条件”。

综合上述观点我提出拙见，行刑社会化应考虑到社会力量参与和执行两层内涵，广义上它是行刑的一种发展趋势，将行刑地的概念由监狱拓展至社会，将行刑的概念拓展为一种社会公共事业。而在狭义上它可以理解为一种行刑理念或行刑模式，对监禁刑少用慎用，多重考量下更多适用非监禁刑，通过社会因素参与使罪犯得到更有效的教育改造，这样不仅让社会积极参与到罪犯改造教化事业中，更使社会法制进程与刑罚执行步调一致，从而体现马克思主义的法律发展观念。

1. 行刑社会化的意义

行刑社会化，直接目的是罪犯的再社会化，根本目的是为了更好的实现刑罚的执行，实现刑法的目的。

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