从《早春图》浅析“三远法”对中国山水画的影响

论文总字数：15543字

摘 要

郭熙是宋代一位杰出的画论家也是一位具有代表性的画家，在中国山水画的发展史上起着重要的作用。他的一书《林泉高致》是由其子郭思整理编纂，综其一生的创作经验、美学思想、和艺术见解编制而成。《林泉高致》中不仅总结出了“三远法”的造景布局方式，还有对中国古代山水绘画的透视方法的叙述，也对后世中国山水画产生了深厚的美学意义。文章主要深入研究“三远法”在中国山水画中的透视、构图、意境、文化内涵。

从“三远法”的意境上来讲，“三远法”所描绘的是一个广阔无垠的空间，一个无穷极的精神境界。里面所讲的“高远”、“深远”、“平远”三点就可以体会如何描绘了山水画的意境。从“三远法”的技法上来讲，是典型的透视方法。其实在郭熙作品的《早春图》里，“三远法”已经得到了全面体现。

“三远法”作为中国古代的山水画透视方法的体现，不仅对我中国古代山水画的透视方法进行了总结与发扬，而且为中国古代山水画的透视方法制定了一个法式规范，对中国古代山水画产生了极其深远的影响。

“三远法”运用在绘画中体现了中国古代看世界的方法，具有了深刻的文化内涵和审美意义。农耕文明的中国，地形环境丰富复杂，具备了各种“高远”、“平远”、“深远”、的天然条件，所以郭熙和一些古代山水画家就用艺术化的方法将这种环境表达了出来。同时也体现了古人的生活方式，看世界的观点具有灵活性的特点。“三远法”里所述的“高远”、“平远”、“深远”都具体表达了对中国山水画意境的“远”的意义，所以“三远法”所指向的其实就是“远”这个字的意义。

除此之外，为了研究中国山水画的意境美学思想，还阐述了郭熙绘画风格特征的形成。通过结合《林泉高致》原文本，来探究“意境”美学思想，重点包括“身即山川而取之”、“三远”，谈论《林泉高致》的意境思想的文化内涵。例如，美学思想、诗情画意的体现，通过对郭熙的绘画风格及其特征的梳理，结合以此相关的文字记载，来探寻《林泉高致》“意境”美学思想的形成的原因。

关键词:三远法 山水画意境 林泉高致 透视

abstract

His book "Lin Quan Gaozhi" was compiled by his son Guo Si, who synthesized his life"s creative experience, aesthetic ideas and artistic opinions.In Lin Quan Gao Zhi, not only the landscape layout of "Three Far Ways" is summarized, but also the perspective method of ancient Chinese landscape painting is narrated. It also has profound aesthetic significance for later Chinese landscape painting. The article mainly studies the perspective, composition, artistic conception, cultural connotation, aesthetic significance of "Three Far Ways" in Chinese landscape painting and its influence on later Chinese landscape painting.

One is the artistic conception of the "Three Far Ways" and the other is the technique of the "Three Far Ways". In terms of the artistic conception of the "Three Far Ways", the "Three Far Ways" depicts a vast space and an infinite spiritual realm.The three points of "far-reaching", "far-reaching" and "far-reaching" mentioned in it can help us understand how to depict the artistic conception of landscape painting. From the technical point of view of "Three Far Ways", it is a typical perspective method.Both in time and in space, the viewpoint of "three-distance method" is particularly flexible and satisfied with the characteristics of perspective. It is also the embodiment of the "scattered point perspective" method in ancient Chinese landscape painting. In fact, in Guo Xi"s works of early Spring, the "three far Law" has been fully reflected.

As the embodiment of the perspective method of Chinese ancient landscape painting, "three Yuan Law" not only summarizes and develops the perspective method of Chinese ancient landscape painting, but also formulates a French norm for the perspective method of Chinese ancient landscape painting.

The application of "three far Law" in painting embodies the method of seeing the world in ancient China, which has profound cultural connotation and aesthetic significance. Agricultural civilization in China, rich and complex terrain environment, with all kinds of "Gao Yuan", "Pingyuan", "far-reaching", the natural conditions, so Guo Xi and some ancient landscape painters used artistic methods to express this environment. At the same time, it also reflects the way of life of the ancients, and the view of seeing the world has the characteristics of flexibility. The "Gaoyuan", "Pingyuan" and "far-reaching" mentioned in the "three-Yuan Law" all specifically express the meaning of "far-reaching" to the artistic conception of Chinese landscape painting. Therefore, the "three-Yuan Law" points to the meaning of "far-reaching" in Chinese landscape painting. In fact, it is the meaning of the word "far".

In addition, in order to study Chinese landscape painting artistic conception aesthetics thought, also elaborated Guo Xi painting style characteristic formation. By combining the original text of "Lin Quan Gao Zhi", this paper probes into the aesthetic thought of "artistic conception", with emphasis on the cultural connotation of the artistic conception thought of "Lin Quan Gao Zhi", which includes "the body is taken from mountains and rivers" and "three remoteness". For example, through combing Guo Xi"s painting style and characteristics and combining with the relevant written records, this paper explores the causes of the formation of the aesthetic thought of "artistic conception" in Lin Quan Gao Zhi (Lin Quan Gao Zhi).

Key words: the artistic conception of three-way French landscape painting Lin Quan"s high perspective

目录

1. 绪论

1.1选题来源

1.2研究的现状

1.3研究的目的与意义

1.4研究方法

2.关于“三远法”

2.1郭熙《林泉高致》与“三远法”

2.2“三远法”意境

2.3“三远法”透视

2.4郭熙《早春图》为例，探讨“三远法”在《早春图》中的应用

3、郭熙“三远法”对中国古代山水画的影响

3.1对中国古代山水画透视方法的发扬

3.2对后世中国山水画风格和布局形式的影响

4、“三远法”的文化内涵与审美意义

4.1“三远法”独特的透视方法

4.2“三远法”的意境表达

结论

参考文献

致谢

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