论文总字数:13102字
摘 要
豆渣是一种常见的固体废弃物,含多种营养成分,然而目前尚无有效利用手段。本研究以Yarrowia lipolytica SWJ-1b为发酵菌株,以利用毛霉发酵9天后的豆渣为唯一碳源,进行脂肪酶发酵生产。预实验结果表明,Y. lipolytica SWJ-1b能够以豆渣为碳源产生相当量的脂肪酶,证实了该实验可行性。为进一步提高脂肪酶的产量,我们对发酵条件进行了优化。结果发现,利用毛霉发酵9天后的豆渣作为碳源的最佳添加量为50.0 g/L; NH4HCO3是此发酵过程的最佳氮源,其浓度为20.0 g/L时脂肪酶产量达到最高;MgSO4的浓度对于实验影响不大,可以不添加;KH2PO4的最佳浓度为 20.0 g/L,酵母粉最适添加量为0.75 g/L;发酵培养基中添加40.0 g/L的NaCl产生的渗透压最有利于脂肪酶生成。在30 ℃和200 rpm的发酵条件下进行发酵全程追踪发现,发酵96 h脂肪酶的活力达到峰值,为63.6 U/L。结果表明经毛霉发酵9天后的豆渣可以作为唯一碳源发酵产脂肪酶,该发酵工艺为降低脂肪酶发酵成本及豆渣的再利用提供了一个新方式。关键词:脂肪酶,解脂耶氏酵母,毛霉,豆渣,发酵优化
Abstract: Soybean residue is a common solid waste, including a variety of nutrients, however, there is currently no effective use means. This study uses Yarrowia lipolytica SWJ - 1b strains for fermentation, Mucor fermented after 9 days of soybean residue as the sole carbon source, lipase fermentation production. Preliminary experimental results show that Y. lipolytica SWJ - 1b can produce a considerable amount of lipase from soybean residue as carbon source. The feasibility of the experiment was confirmed. In order to improve the production of lipase, we optimized the fermentation conditions. And it turns out, the best addition of Mucor fermented after 9 days of soybean residue as the sole carbon source was 50.0 g/L; NH4HCO3 is the best nitrogen source of this fermentation process, and its concentration is 20.0 g/L. The concentration of MgSO4 has little influence on the experiment, so it can not be added. The optimal concentration of KH2PO4 was 20.0 g/L, and the optimum dosage of yeast powder was 0.75 g /L. The osmotic pressure produced by the addition of 40.0 g/L NaCl in the fermentation medium was most favorable for lipase generation. At 30 ℃, and 200 rpm fermentation conditions of fermentation, the whole track, fermentation production of 96 h lipase peak, for 63.6 U/L. The results showed that the Mucor fermented after 9 days of soybean residue could be used as the sole carbon source fermentation lipase, and the fermentation process provided a new way to reduce the fermentation cost of lipase and the reuse of soybean residue.
Key words: Lipase, Yarrowia lipolytica, Mucor-fermentation, Soybean residue, Optimization of fermentation
目 录
1 前言 3
2 材料和方法 5
2.1 材料 5
2.1.1 菌种 5
2.1.2 原料 5
2.1.3 培养基 5
2.1.4 试剂 5
2.2 方法 6
2.2.1 菌株的活化 6
2.2.2 种子液培养及发酵培养 6
2.2.3 发酵优化 6
2.2.4 脂肪酶产量的测定 7
3 实验结果与讨论 7
3.1 原料的预处理 7
3.2 标准曲线的绘制 8
3.3 碳源浓度对Y. lipolytica脂肪酶发酵的影响 9
3.4 氮源种类对Y. lipolytica脂肪酶发酵的影响 9
3.5氮源浓度对Y. lipolytica脂肪酶发酵的影响 9
3.6添加MgSO4对脂肪酶发酵的影响 10
3.7添加KH2PO4对脂肪酶发酵的影响 11
3.8 NaCl浓度对脂肪酶发酵的影响 12
3.9 Y. lipolytica发酵产脂肪酶曲线的测绘 13
结论 15
参考文献 16
致谢 18
1 前言
脂肪酶(Lipase)即三酰基甘油酰基水解酶,其分子结构如图1所示,广泛存在于高等动物的胰脏和脂肪组织、蓖麻籽、油菜籽及细菌、真菌和酵母等微生物中。脂肪酶在一定水活度及温度下,能分解油脂,是重要的工业酶制剂品种之一[1]。脂肪酶可以催化解脂、酯交换、酯合成等反应,具有生产周期短、成本低等优点,现已广泛应用于油脂加工、食品、医药等工业(表一)[1]。例如,脂肪酶可以利用其位置水解特性对油脂中的酯键催化,提高食用油的营养价值;在生面团中加入脂肪酶可使三甘酯部分水解而增加单甘脂的含量,延缓变质;在医药研究中,脂肪酶被用作疾病诊断的工具,可作为诊断急性胰腺炎和胰腺损伤的指标[1]。由此可见,脂肪酶具有较高的价值,在农业工业上发挥着巨大的作用,且发展前景十分广泛。因此,工农业对脂肪酶的需求量也日益增多。
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