网络环境下的中学英语口语教学

论文总字数：36312字

摘 要

由于应试教学、师资匮乏、语境缺少等因素，英语口语教学一直是中学英语教学的一个难题。网络的普及及其在教学中的应用，也给中学英语口语教学带来了新的空间。与传统的英语口语教学方式相比，充分利用网络的优势进行英语口语教学，能突破时间和空间的限制，获得更多与教师、同伴进行英语口语交流的机会。本文分析了目前中学口语教学存在的问题及原因，提出选择合适的网络交际软件、以学习者为中心设计口语交际任务、教师对学生口语交际活动实行有效监管的网络口语教学方法，对提高中学英语口语教学效率具有一定的实践意义。

关键词：中学英语口语教学；网络软件；以学习者为中心；教师监管

Contents

1. Introduction………………………………………………………………1
2. Literature Review…………………………………………………………1

2.1 Spoken English Teaching……………………………………….…………...2

2.2 Researches on Internet in Spoken English Teaching..................................... 3

1. Spoken English Teaching in Middle School …………………………...4

3.1 Importance of Spoken English Teaching in Middle School………….….5

3.2 Current Situation of Spoken English Teaching in Middle School …………6

3.3 Reasons for Failure in Spoken English Teaching in Middle School……......6

1. Application of Internet in Spoken English Teaching in Middle School.7

4.1 Appropriate Software ……………....………………………………………8

4.2 Learner-oriented Design…….………………………………….………...9

4.3 Teacher’s Supervision………………..……………….………………….10

5. Conclusion…………………………………………..…….………………..12

Works Cited…………………………………………………………………...13

1. Introduction

With the development of global economy and international communication, the distance between countries has been closer and closer. And English as the most widespread language in the world is far more important than before. Though more foreigners come to China for business or study, students have more chances to contact with foreigners to practice their oral English. But it is unrealistic for most of our Chinese students to have the opportunities to learn and practice their spoken English accompanied by foreigners. And usually schools cannot be equipped every class with a foreign teacher. As a result, students in China cannot speak fluent English though their English grades are very high. So here comes the problem: how to teach students spoken English? We can teach them though the internet where large amount of information and audio recourses are in it which students can refer to and learn by themselves. Especially middle school students who are at an age when all the knowledge they learned should lay a solid foundation. Their oral English is so poor that we must do something to change it so that the idea that teaching oral English through internet in middle school comes out. The method of this paper is literature research method that through the investigation of literature to obtain the material, thus comprehensively and correctly understand the research question. The goal of this paper is that using the applications on the Internet to solve the problem of middle school oral English teaching, so as to improve student’s oral English in middle school.

2. Literature Review

2.1 Spoken English teaching

With the development of society, globalization has become an irresistible trend of history, and Oral English has become more and more important in interpersonal communication. How to improve oral English ability has become the urgent problem of educators. The new curriculum standard put forward a clear goal, on the development of students’ oral English level, and the target of the development of students’ oral English ability is required to rise to a new height. Therefore, it is very important to develop student’s oral English. Oral English teaching as a different from a general examination courses, needs to research how to make the course more interesting, and more efficient. No matter what kind of spoken language you learn, you have to put efforts to learn well in pronunciation, vocabulary, sentences, listening, thinking, and cultural. So English teachers should help students learn all these matters to improve their oral English.

Written by Zhang Jinghua, the paper “the input and output of the oral English teaching” is focusing on the function of input and output in oral English teaching. The paper analyses the present situation of oral English teaching. It stresses that we should base on our national situation in combination with students’ practical level and correctly handles the relationship with input and output so that the best teaching effect can be attained (Zhang Jinghua 94). The conclusion of this paper: based on national conditions, according to students’ actual situation, in accordance with their aptitude, we should balance the relationship between input and output and explore an effective mode of oral English teaching. But this paper doesn’t show us the specific effective mode of oral English teaching, just stressing on the relationship between input and output which cannot carry out a specific way.

Written by Wu Xiaoxin in 2008, the paper “New exploration of oral English teaching in multimedia environment” is focusing on the application of multi-media in oral teaching. In the traditional oral English classroom, students tend to be either silent or busy talking about tings unrelated to their class, and there is no focus in teaching or learning. Students’ interest in the oral English class is constantly changing. Accordingly classroom teaching cannot be easily conducted. The employment of multi-media in the oral English class plays an important role in effectively removing psychological obstacles from students, thereby activating their learning interests, improving communication strategies and increasing their communicative competence (Wu Xiaoxin 9). This paper attempts to find out the functions of multi-media in oral English teaching. The conclusion of this paper is that Multimedia used in oral English teaching can play to its unique advantages compared with the traditional way of teaching. Deepen teaching content through audio visual it, and reflect the vividness of oral English teaching to the maximum extent. It is one of the directions of Oral teaching reform. But this paper focus on the multi-media way of teaching oral English, which cannot break through the limit of time and space to learn oral English, it’s just a promoting way of the traditional way of teaching oral English in class. So this paper can also refer to the Internet dealing with the teaching of oral English, only in this way can we overcome this problem better.

2.2 Researches on Internet in spoken English teaching

The benefits network brings for human is numerous, the emergence of the network is the modern social progress, a sign of the development of science and technology. In the modern sense, illiteracy is no longer refers to those who can"t read, but do not understand the computer from the information age. Science is not developed in ancient times, people hopes to never leave home, but knows what"s going on in the world, now the information highway has put this fantasy into reality. Surfing the Internet has a lot of benefits, including widen student’s field of vision, provides students with the communication, liberalization of dating, let students know the constant innovation and have a sense of accomplishment and so on. First students approaching to the Internet help early intelligence development. Fingers with the linkage with computer help to improve children"s intelligence. Therefore, primary and middle school students surfing the Internet itself is necessary, and with proper guidance and control, students will receive the really great benefit from it. Second, the Internet will help expand children"s knowledge, because the network access to a wide range of new knowledge. Also, as population increases, online helps to accelerate the process of social informatization, and the process has a very important role for economic development and social progress. And Through the Internet to sending E - mail, we can since the childhood set up E-mail, e-commerce, electronic writing consciousness, which can save a lot of wood paper and improve the level of environmental protection. Moreover, students can foster a sense of electronic commerce, and the improvement of the consciousness of the use of electronic money is an important index of the whole nation quality, which can also help the process of electronic currency, which eventually improve the quality of the whole nation.

Networking is very popular so we can shop on the Internet, chat to closer distance, enterprises can narrow the distance with customers via the Internet, in today"s world, Internet blows all over the world. Broadband, Internet cafes, Office of broadband at home, are making the network reach into every corner of people"s lives through Office Online, e-commerce, interactive information. Especially for students, they become the mainstay of online activities. Although the networks for teens have a lot of disadvantages but if you take advantage of network advantages in learning or other teaching activities, it cannot be compared. First, it can broaden their horizons, fulfill their knowledge, Second, with fast information exchange, the Internet is informative, , middle school students can satisfy their learning needs, through fast access to relevant information and keep informed of news and information, science and technology happenings in the world, and thus live and learn is a big convenience. And better still, it can contribute to middle school students’ academic. Check out information on the Internet is very convenient for Students and can according to the learning needs to find the right study materials, or even the right teachers.

Internet has its unique power that other things can not possess. Making good advantage of it can surely bring us positive benefits. You can refer to it when you don’t be aware of something. Not alone study. Through internet, we can search the real language audio that spoken by foreigners to help students breaking through their spoken English. Development of network technology will bring a revolutionary change to English teaching, especially the teaching of oral English (Li Ping,Yang Guihong, and Lu Xiaohua, 2005:198). Teachers can set students homework to learn and imitate the certain audio or video to practice their spoken English in class, thus no class time is wasted. Teachers can check their learning results during the class. Networking spoken English teaching is a new mode of teaching English with the development of network technology, students can access to more English study recourses (Han Yanhong, 2005:32). The internet provides large amount of information including pictures and audios which provides advantages for students to train their spoken English（Wu Huasong, 2006:231）

Written by Zhang Haisen, Dou Weilin and Huang Ronghuai in 2007, “A study of QQ platform-Based Synchronous Online Oral English Instruction” is focus on Synchronous Online Instruction, Oral English, online learning community, and Text-based communication. This paper explores the possibilities of teaching oral English online through the application of the Tencent QQ communication platform, which is the most popular free instant messaging computer program in Asia and the 3rd most popular message service provider in the world (Zhang Haisen, Dou Weilin and Huang Ronghuai 43). The study was conducted based on an extended English language course at a Chinese university. 36 subjects registered for the course and participated in the study. Findings reveal that multiple factors should be put into consideration to ensure that effective online oral English instruction can be made possible. The conclusion of this paper： as a supplement to traditional classroom English teaching, this model way of teaching greatly promote the student’s spoken language, because this model break through time and space limits, reduce anxiety or shyness in the classroom. But this paper through the form of electronic text communication extended oral English teaching activities. This mode does not work in helping student’s pronunciation and intonation. Electronic text communication requires the ability of typing smoothly, or the result will be influenced in some degree.

As we all know, the internet has plenty of advantages. Better still, it is also beneficial to English teaching. Network resource sharing in the world looks like a cornucopia-an inexhaustible rich golden hill, the more you work on it, the more you will get. You can find information you want very fast, you can learn more knowledge outside the classroom, and flexible using of classroom knowledge to promote the development of thinking and cultivate student"s creativity. Internet can transcend time and space and economic constraints. Students can accept the school education on the Internet; students also can get the guidance of the teacher through the network at any time. And interactive learning, rich 3 d graphics display on the internet, language interpretation, such as multimedia content, makes learning easy and interesting. In addition, Internet usage and content in English for the most, 84% and 90%respectively, which will lead us to learn English more actively, wouldn"t it be nice?

Network speed also has its advantage, through the network, we can know some latest news in a timely manner; Through the network, we can in a short span of a few hours to visit all parts of the country, students can find any information in the network, with the help of online information, it is easy to complete their studies, text results can be immediately known by students after tests, a problem can at any time by email requests the teacher guidance.

Written by Cheng Hong amp; Du Fenqiu, “Use the networking to create the video repository of oral English teaching in Internet resources” in 2006 is focus on video clip, oral English video resource library and Social and cultural context. This paper stresses it necessary to create the video repository of oral English in internet resources and focus on download of the oral English video resources, video clip and what kind of resources to choose (Cheng Hong and Du Fenqiu 43). The conclusion of this paper: we are at an age that science and technology developing very fast, which creates much benefits for our English oral study, Digital audio, the occurrence of the video date provide a new form for English teaching. Also CALL provides a new teaching method for English teaching. And the creation of the video repository of oral English provides necessary recourses for CALL. But this paper didn’t show us how to make advantages of the video repository of oral English to design oral English teaching activities, and how to further exploit the resources of the video repository of oral English.

Network will not only provide more spoken English learning software for student, but also to diagnose students’ oral English. Students cannot get help from their parents after school, but now the kids can sit in front of the computer by themselves, read-aloud without scruple. And videos on the NET can be Anglo’s life-line, so that the children could hear real audio source. And through the repeated playback, children can read over and over again to practice, no longer afraid of other people"s disdain. As a result, they will be confident enough to learn better and speak better.

3. Spoken English Teaching in Middle School

3.1 Importance of spoken English teaching in middle school

The high school entrance exam doesn’t count the oral English scores, but it is said that oral English scores will be 10 in total and one important part in the new solution of the college entrance examination. Although the part of the oral English scores isn’t high, it clearly shows that the practical tendency of our education reforms and a mode of integrated development in quality-oriented education instead of examination-oriented education system. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the oral English since middle school.

Aside from being a culture and language, English prefer to be a kind of commutative tool. Among all the teaching of a foreign language, teachers and students must be aware of that the ultimate goal of learning English is to communicate and the most effective way to acquire English is to practice their oral English more often. Oral communication is the process of the dialog of one person to another in essence. According to some statistics which shows that in people’s daily linguistic activities, 45% of listening, 30% of speaking, 16% of reading and 9% of writing show the importance of speaking and the urgent need of teaching oral English. That is to say, speaking part is comparatively more widespread and valued. So it is essential to improve the teaching of oral English and students’ oral English which is one of the necessary ways to improve students’ comprehensive quality. The traditional way of teaching English is the widespread way to teach English which focus more on grammar but the cultivation of the oral expressions ability. As an English teacher or as a English major student, we usually meet some students who has a good command of grammar but cannot express himself clearly in English. As a result, these kinds of students are developing into the so called “dummy students”. In fact, most of the students belong to this type—the dummy students, especially in middle school. So the teaching of oral English in middle school is very urgent.

3.2 Current situation of spoken English teaching in middle school

Chinese students usually feel it difficult to acquire spoken English .it is hard to improve student’s spoken English and communication skills of spoken English in its daily life merely depending on few conversation replies and reciting dialogues and passages in class. Students can’t break through spoken English without enough time and an authentic language atmosphere to practice which leads to student’s fear of oral English and inappropriate attitudes towards spoken English. So the writer put it down into two reasons. Objective causes: first, lack of the opportunities of practicing spoken English. The main battle field of practicing spoken English is class where reading, writing, listening, and grammar occupy most of the class time in order to help students passing examinations smoothly. Second, lacking of the language atmosphere to practice spoken English is another important reason. Students didn’t speak English until it was in English class, and it can’t help a lot when you just read and recite the passages in English books. Last but not least, lack of time and space to practice oral English. Teachers can’t provide every student with sufficient time and space to practice oral English with too many students in class. Also students don’t have ample chances to communicate with teachers. Thus the interest of practicing oral English will be declined, and the role of students will be transformed into spectators as time goes by. Subjective causes: first, teachers and students don’t take the teaching of oral English seriously. Teachers always request that students should communicate with each other in English, which can’t take into effect, as the scores of oral English doesn’t count when students show their English scores. Second, students lack of confidence in their oral English. With poor listening skills and lack of vocabularies, students can’t understand what other people say and express their opinions accurately and fluently. Also Chinese students are unwillingly to express their thoughts, let alone talking with strangers due to the East and West cultural differences. All of these consist of the reason why students lack of confidence in their oral English.

English class is the combined experience of listening, speaking, reading, and writing, not just the remembering process of the English knowledge. Teachers in middle usually focus on the teaching of the language rules, and how to get better results in examinations to cater to the current exam-oriented education. So the speaking part is often neglected by teachers and students, as a result, with a good exam results, students usually cannot open their mouth to speak English confidently. Their oral English is so poor even when they have learned English for several years. It just like you have acquired theories but you can never put them into practice in a smooth way. The situation need to be changed, teachers should find a new way to teach students spoken English, and transform the traditional mode of teaching into a way that focus on listening and speaking. Only in this way can students spoken English be improved. However, it is a contradiction for students to focus more on reading and speaking while grammar is also necessary for students to spend time learning. So it is a necessity to improve students oral English and will still left enough time for students to master grammar and get high grades in the current education system. And turning to internet for help is a good choice.

3.3 Reasons for failure in spoken English teaching in middle school

Many reasons result in the failure of spoken English teaching in middle school, of which, the writer want to mention first, is the examination-oriented model of teaching. As the writer mentioned before, because the college entrance of examination usually rule out the test of oral ability of English, students in middle school have few opportunities to practice their oral English. Students in school concentrate more on the rules of English and reading and writing skills, just for getting higher grades in exams.

Another reason the writer wants to point out is that with the great amount of the middle school students and the lack of qualified spoken English teachers, let alone foreign teachers, it is difficult for the middle school to set up oral English lessons in class. There are too many students in one class in middle school, so setting up oral English lessons is a hard thing for middle school to arrange.

What’s more, for the current situation of China’s society, it also needs taking a long way to build up suitable environment for students to strengthen their ability of oral English. In order to let students be surrounded by authentic English environment, it needs the combined efforts of families, schools and the society. Also with too many other difficult subjects for students to learn and conquer, the importance of improving oral English is often neglected by students and even teachers in school. Students usually have different kinds of homework after school, so practicing their oral English is usually a difficult thing for them.

4. Application of Internet Resources in Spoken English Teaching in Middle School

4.1 Appropriate software

QQ is not an unfamiliar word for students in middle school, nowadays; even primary school students have their own QQ number. It is online chat software that people use it for chatting with their friends, doing business, and, of course, learning something from others. At first, this kind of chat software can be used to communicate with others only by click on the keyboard and words and information will be shown on the computer screen. However, things are different now. If you have a QQ number, you can choose to chat with your friends by talking to them, or even chat with your friends face to face by video talk.

Wechat has many functions, the main functions of Wechat: send videos, voice texts, pictures; video, voice calls, single, more people talk; bank payment function; scanning function; the game features; the function of the website. People like to use wechat to have voice text with their best friends or even strangers for its convenience and easy access. You just need to pick up your phone, open the wechat, find a person you want to talk to, and you can have voice message back and around with your friends. This app can be used on a computer too, if you have a wechat number.

Electronic mail usually referred to as email or e-mail. Early email systems required the writer and the recipient to be both online at the same time, in common with instant messaging. Email systems nowadays are based on a store-and-forward model, which means the systems will not required both to be online. Email servers accept, forward, deliver, and store messages. Neither the users nor their computers are required to be online simultaneously; they need connect only briefly, typically to a mail server, for as long as it takes to send or receive messages.

4.2 Learner-oriented designing

Under the network environment, interaction is also a very complicated process, how to balance the design of interaction in oral English teaching needs further research. Based on the characteristics of oral English teaching on the basis of current network which investigates the basic situation of college English teaching, analysis network teaching of the special requirements of the teaching interaction, and points out how to manage the interactive network teaching from the teaching features giving the characteristics of the network full play, oral English teaching has become a network problem urgent for solutions. Combined with teaching practice, research shows that, the view, saying, listen, association, review, oral English interactive teaching model, it can prompt the network English spoken language learners in interaction with the teachers, learners and learning resources to better complete the learning activities, ultimately achieve learning goals.

Students in middle school are usually inclined to those cool staff such as the Internet, as is often the case; they like to suffer the Internet so much that some of them are addicted to it. As we can imagine that it will be a good thing for the internet to be applied for students to study. It caters to student’s interest and can help them to improve their oral English even without realizing it.

QQ is chat software. If online chat process turns into a natural process of English learning, your English level should be imperceptibly improved little by little. As long as you installed chat software like this one, you can choose to chat with your friends by talking to them, or even chat with your friends face to face by video talk. And this kind of application on the internet is more like common daily necessity that almost every student in middle school knows how to operate it. And the application can provide relaxed atmosphere for learners.

Using this application to oral English teaching design is as follows, English teachers give oral English homework with one specific theme to every student in class after school. The homework is that students should talk to foreign people like Americans or British man using QQ with the specific theme, students must do some records about the talking of topic practice, and write it down to teachers, teacher then gives students comments and grades to students. And what’s more, there is one oral English class for students, but this class is a computer class that students use QQ to communicate with their students with the topic already done last week. In this case, student’s oral English ability is improving by practicing and practicing like this mode of teaching.

4.3 Teacher’s supervision

The emergence of network teaching had strong impact on "wall" of the traditional teaching mode. In terms of network learning environment, the network is not just an information repository, but at the same time include physical, social, cultural, and psychological profiles; Compared with the traditional classroom teaching, it can create a real language environment. In the online learning English mode, learning English began to take the student as the center; teachers play a role of guiding students to learn on the Internet autonomously. In this context, the teachers and learners should be aware of how to deal with the relationship between the integration of teaching and learning? The key is to fully understand the characteristics of oral English learning under the network environment, the effective use of learning strategies, cultivation of the ability of autonomous learning, methods to learn effectively, under the condition of traditional classroom the skill of mastering new knowledge independently. As is known to all of us, secondary school students usually have a poor control over themselves, especially without teachers’ supervision. When it comes to the Internet without the control or supervise by teachers or parents, rarely can student use Internet to study but chat with their best friends and play their favorite’s computer games? As a result, learning from the Internet becomes a perfect kind of disguise for them to entertainment, while teachers and parents consider it beneficial to student’s improvement on their study. It is also similar to the teaching of student’s oral English with the help of applications of the internet.

Teacher’s supervision is very necessary when you use the internet way of helping students to improve their spoken English. Teachers provide students with autonomous learning guidance, supervision for the following five steps: The first step is to guide students learning plan, choose learning methods. Students themselves cannot set a sufficient learning plan alone all by themselves, so teacher’s guidance for them is very necessary. Teachers can guide students learning plan, choose learning methods in terms of student’s truly conditions. Students are required to fill in the report of independent learning, and teachers have already guided the student’s oral English learning plan. However, students should be aware of the importance of filling in the report of their oral English learning plan, and hand in these report to their teachers in time, only in this manner, can students have a better understanding on their own oral English learning conditions. So handing in the report of their latest learning situation turns out to be the second step. Set online cooperative learning task. When students are learning alone without their teacher’s presents, classmates are their preference to turn to for help and discussion. And online cooperative learning requires the members of the cooperative team to help each other and finish their task of improving their oral English together. Another advantage of setting online cooperative learning task is that students have more opportunities to express themselves, and practice their oral English. Using stage examination, oral activities to monitoring student’s oral English learning process. Stage examinations are very common to our students. It is a good way to examine period of student’s performance, and as for oral activities, like English square, students oral English can be largely improved. Group discussion of autonomous learning method is not only a way to build relationships between students but also a way to earn a chance for students to express themselves and to better their plan of improving oral English. Of course students can have a face-to-face conversation with their teachers if necessary. These measures effectively ensure the students to get to the Internet time for study, is conducive to the cultivation of students" autonomous learning ability and learning efficiency.

The key point of teacher’s supervision is that teachers should correct student’s grammar, pronunciations, and cross culture communication errors in time, so it is necessary for students to write some important records done for teachers to supervise. And teachers should give students comments and grades back in class in time. Only in this way can teacher’s supervisions be efficient.

5. Conclusion

The author is focus on the application of the internet to better the way of teaching oral English in the traditional class teaching. The meaning of the paper is to explore a effective way to break through students oral English, after some train of this way of teaching, students can speaking English smoothly and confident enough to speak to a foreigner. Through the applications like QQ and some other softer wares of the internet to improve students oral English by themselves, teachers can simply check students oral English in class

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