论文总字数:17118字
目 录
前言·····································1
1城管行政执法权的内涵,特点及权能分析···········1
1.1城管执法权外包的内涵··························1
1.2城管执法权外包的特点··························2
1.3城管执法权外包的权能分析························3
2城管行政执法权外包的动因、理论基础与历史基础·········3
2.1“外包协议”的契约本质·························3
2.2城管执法权外包的动因··························3
2.3城管执法权外包的理论基础························4
2.3.1新公共管理理论··························4
2.3.2委托代理理论···························4
2.4城管执法权外包的历史基础························5
3城管行政执法权外包中的政府责任分析················6
3.1城管行政执法权外包的内容························6
3.2政府责任缺失分析····························6
4法治化图景下城管执法权外包中的政府责任清单设计········7
4.1法治化图景下的城管执法权外包······················7
4.2事前责任································7
4.2.1评估责任·····························7
4.2.2决策责任·····························8
4.2.3缔约责任·····························8
4.3事中责任································8
4.4事后责任································9
5城管行政执法权外包中政府失责的追究机制·············9
5.1行政问责制·······························9
5.2行政赔偿································10
5.3刑事责任································10
结语····································10
参考文献··································12
致谢····································14
法治视野下我国城管执法权外包中的政府责任及追究机制研究
阿布都艾则孜·艾买尔
,China
Abstract:With the increasing level of urbanization in China, the government’s management of the city becomes more and more important. However, the management level cannot keep up with the speed of urban development. In order to ease the problems in the management of the city, the mode of urban management law enforcement outsourcing is like this. Appears under conditions. In the practice of urban management outsourcing law enforcement, due to the lack of clear definition of outsourcing scope, it is only used as a duty transfer tool. At the same time, issues such as the absence of the main body of law enforcement outsourcing are all hidden dangers. With respect to the outsourcing of urban management assistance law enforcement, what role should the government play and what role should it play? How can the contractor assist the government in carrying out corresponding administrative activities and what specific authorizations and responsibilities can be allocated? Clear state, the current practice lacks a complete system. For this reason, this paper defines the government responsibilities in the law enforcement outsourcing of urban management and, on this basis, improves the mechanism for investigating the dereliction of responsibility of the government in the law enforcement outsourcing of urban management.
Key words:enforcement powers;outsourcing; responsibility of the government; legal liability
前言
城管行政执法权外包,在法律框架层面存在诸多问题,争议点之一就是强制执法权的问题。由于关系到公民的基本权利,一旦政府放松了对其的监督管理,则会引发大量的负面效应[1]。同时,城管执法权外包容易造成社会民众对公共服务外包范围的不断反思,一方面如何判断外包的公共服务范围;另一方面如何明晰执法主体的职权职责。因此,对当前执法权外包存在的问题进行分析,能够在构建科学合理符合城市发展需要的制度上发挥更好的作用。同时也在行政执法领域获得更大突破。依法行政、转变政府职能,明确行政主体的责任追究机制,对于我国公共行政活动的发展完善会起到重要的推动作用,同时在保护行政相对人,转变政府职能,推动依法治国建设上获得更丰富的制度实践源泉[2]。
[3]1城管行政执法权外包的内涵、特点及权能分析
城市管理监察大队是城管的前身,城管成立于上个世纪80年代, 归城市建设委员会管,当时城管的职权仅限于城市卫生环管理,直到90年代才转变为城管局,而城管局则具有相对集中的行政处罚权,并且隶属于当地地方政府。城管执法的形式大致经历了从城管监察-城管联合执法-城管委托执法-城市综合执法等一系列转变。90年代中后期以来, 我国仍处于政府行政职能转变的初级阶段,行政体制改革并不彻底, 在实践中过程中造成了制定一部法律法规, 就设置一支执法队伍的情况,导致执法队伍臃肿而执法效率低下。正是针对这种情况,1996年颁布的《行政处罚法》确立了“相对集中行政处罚权”制度[4]。随后,北京市宣武区成立了我国成立的第一支城管队伍。至2002年,全国绝大多数地区经国务院批准, 实施了相对集中行政处罚权的试点活动。 根据国务院法制办的最新数据, 截至目前, 开展城管行政处罚权相对集中的城市已达 1076个, 包括县级市 804个。同时,相关数据显示,当前我国的城管执法队伍人数膨胀,达到数十万人。我国城管的演变情况表明,它是伴随着中国城市化的发展而在行政执法领域衍生的产物,给我国的城市建设和行政执法带来广泛而深远的影响。
1.1城管行政执法权外包的内涵
城管执法权外包作为我国重要的外包模式之一,主要是指城市管理部门或者街道办事处通过订立合同的行使将市政公共管理服务对外“打包”交给专业的物业服务公司进行打点管理。在具体的服务项目上,不仅包括传统的秩序维护,也发展到市容环境卫生维护、园林绿化、市政公共设施建设维护、综合管理服务、收费管理、拆迁管理、数字城管信息采集等事务。可以说城管执法权外包成为城市政府在解决城市管理中人员紧缺、事务复杂、自有资金
不足、与基层民众冲突严重等问题的一种创新性尝试,在构建创新性政府上的一种有益探索。
对于城管行政执法权外包的理解,可以从如下角度着手:其一,发包方为街道办事处或者城管部门。其二,承包方为性质上能够提供综合性的物业服务的物业服务公司。其三,关于外包服务的内容,既有传统的市容环境维护等,也包括新型的综合执法协助等。最后,关于外包服务的目的,一种是出于减少政府开支以提高行政管理效率的考虑的经济性目的;另一种是在于提高城市服务质量并提升人们生活水平的非经济性的目的。
1.2城管行政执法权外包的特点
城管执法权外包是一项非常复杂的程序,其包含的内容十分丰富,涉及的市民群众范围广,在执法的过程中义务与责任的分界线难以清晰,如果没有政府发挥主导作用,城管执法权外包服务就发挥不了利民的做用。在我国的城管执法权外包服务中,一般政府发挥主导作用的城市,其外包服务进展的就会非常顺利,无论是在外包服务的哪一个环节,政府都要承担起监督,引导的作用[5]。
(1)城管执法权外包具有复杂性
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