本世纪我国中东部大气污染物沉降及其生态效应的变化特征

论文总字数：20186字

目 录

1 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 研究现状 1

2 研究方法 2

2.1 数据来源 2

2.2 数据处理 2

2.3 数据分析方法 3

3 不同地区湿沉降年际变化趋势 3

3.1 SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、NH₄ 、Ca² 量和pH值年际时空分布 3

3.1.1 SO₄^2-沉降量年际变化趋势 3

3.1.2 NO₃^-沉降量年际变化趋势 4

3.1.3 NH₄ 沉降量年际变化趋势 5

3.1.4 Ca² 沉降量的年际变化 6

3.1.5 pH值年际变化趋势 7

3.2 SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、NH₄ 、Ca² 沉降量分季节的年际时空分布 8

3.2.1 SO₄^2-沉降量分季节的年际时空分布 8

3.2.2 NO₃^-沉降量分季节的年际时空分布 8

3.2.3 NH₄ 沉降量分季节的年际时空分布 9

3.2.4 Ca² 沉降量分季节的年际时空分布 9

3.3 SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、NH₄ 、Ca² 沉降量与pH值的关系 10

4 不同地区湿沉降月际变化趋势 11

4.1 SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、NH₄ 、Ca² 量和pH值月际变化特征 11

4.1.1 SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、NH₄ 、Ca² 月沉降值变化趋势 11

4.1.2 月pH值变化趋势 12

4.2 SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、NH₄ 、Ca² 量和降水量月际变化特征 12

5 不同地区湿沉降量对生态的影响 14

5.1 不同城市水域生态系统中SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、NH₄ 和Ca² 浓度差异 14

5.2 不同城市水域生态系统中pH值差异 15

6 结论 15

7 讨论 16

参考文献 16

致谢 18

本世纪我国中东部大气污染物沉降及其生态效应的变化特征

郑珂

，China

Abstract：With the air pollution more and more serious in china, a growing number of air pollutants reach the ground, resulting in a series of ecological problems including soil acidification, water quality deterioration and forest degradation.SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、NH₄ and Ca² wet deposition, pH value and inland water environment data in Chongqing, Xi'an, Xiamen and Zhuhai in 2001-2015 from Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia(EANET) were used in this paper, And analyzed the change characteristics. The data analysis shows that A decline in SO₄^2- wet deposition in Chongqing may influenced by SO₄^2- wet deposition in summer . A significant increase in NO₃^- wet deposition in Chongqing was mainly affected by NO₃^- wet deposition in autumn and winter. A significant decline in Ca² wet deposition in Chongqing was mainly affected by Ca² wet deposition in autumn and winter. A significant decline in SO₄^2- wet deposition in Xi'an was affected by SO₄^2- wet deposition all the Year Round. A significant decline in Ca² wet deposition in Xi'an was affected by Ca² wet deposition in summer. A significant decline in SO₄^2- wet deposition in Zhuhai was affected by SO₄^2- wet deposition in summer and winter. A significant decline in NH₄ wet deposition in Zhuhai was affected by NH₄ wet deposition in summer. A significant decline in SO₄^2- wet deposition in Xiamen was affected by SO₄^2- wet deposition in spring and autumn. A significant decline in NH₄ wet deposition in Zhuhai was affected by NH₄ wet deposition in spring, autumn and winter. The pH value of precipitation in Chongqing is strongly correlated with the ratio of (NH₄ Ca² ) / (SO₄^2- NO₃^-), and the pH value of precipitation in Xi'an, Xiamen and Zhuhai is mainly affected by other factors. In addition to the wet deposition, The SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, and Ca² concentrations in the water ecosystem are also related to the stability of the ecosystem.

Key words： Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia ；wet deposition；spearman rank correlation；ecological effects

1. 绪论
   1. 研究背景

地球大气是人类生活的重要环境部分，是一个复杂的多相化学体系。地球大气包含99%比例的N₂和O₂ ，以及少量CO₂、H₂O 、O₃和惰性气体等。除此之外，地球大气还含有各种微量成分：各种有机和无机化合物气体，含量极低的自由基，固态和液态悬浮颗粒物。这些物质的来源可分为自然源和人为源，包括土壤、海洋、生物、物质燃烧、火山喷发、人类生产生活和一些突发的事件。

进入大气的物质随着大气的运动，在大气中传输和扩散。并与生物圈、岩石圈和水圈不断进行物质与能量的交换，参与生物地球化学循环；最后通过干沉降或湿沉降回到地面，从大气中清除。

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