地表臭氧浓度升高对表田根际生态酶化学计量特征的影响

论文总字数：14080字

目 录

题目 地表臭氧浓度升高对表田根际生态酶化学计量特征的影响 1

地表臭氧浓度升高对表田根际生态酶化学计量特征的影响 4

引言 6

1材料与方法 7

1.1研究区域概况 7

1.2实验土壤采集 7

1.3土壤生态酶活性的测定 7

1.3.1β-葡萄糖苷酶活性测定 7

1.3.2β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性的测定 7

1.3.3土壤酸性磷酸酶活性的测定 7

1.4 土壤环境中的微生物多样性测定 8

2 结果与分析 8

2.1 臭氧对土壤生态酶的影响 8

2.1.1臭氧对β-葡萄糖苷酶活性的影响 8

2.1.2臭氧对β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性的影响 8

2.1.3臭氧对土壤磷酸酶的酶活性的影响 9

2.2 臭氧对土壤生态酶化学计量数之比的影响 10

2.2.1臭氧对βG:NAG的影响 10

2.2.3臭氧对NAG:AP的影响 11

2.3 臭氧对土壤微生物多样性的影响情况 11

2.3.1臭氧对平均吸光度AWCD的影响 11

2.3.2臭氧对Shannon指数的影响 12

2.3.3臭氧对Simpson指数的影响 12

2.3.4臭氧对Mcintosh指数的影响 13

2.4 臭氧对土壤微生物多样性对有机物利用状况的影响 13

2.4.1臭氧对微生物分解胺类及氨基酸物质能力的影响 14

2.4.2臭氧对微生物分解羧酸类物质能力的影响 14

2.4.3臭氧对微生物分解酚酸类物质能力的影响 15

2.4.4臭氧对微生物分解土壤聚合物能力的影响 15

2.5生物多样性指数与生态酶的相关性分析 16

3 讨论 16

4 结论 18

参考文献 18

地表臭氧浓度升高对表田根际生态酶化学计量特征的影响

杜林蔚

, China

Abstract: In order to study the increase of near-surface ozone concentration, the impact on the ecological enzyme activity and stoichiometric characteristics of the field. The activities of β-glucosidase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase and soil acid phosphatase were measured, and the stoichiometric characteristics of ecological enzyme were calculated. BIOLOG was used to determine the use of different carbon sources by microorganisms and the microbial diversity index was calculated. The correlation between microbial diversity index and eco-enzymatic stoichiometry characteristics was analyzed. The results showed that the increase of ozone concentration decreased β-glucosidase activity, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and soil acid phosphatase activity. The sensitivity of ozone concentration was: β-glucoside Enzymesgt; β-N-acetylglucosaminidasegt; Soil Acid Phosphatase. The ability of microbes to decompose nitrogenous organics, carboxylic acids, phenolic acids, polymers, etc. is significantly reduced by the increase in ozone concentration. The ozone concentration increased with the Shannon index, the Simpson index did not change significantly, and the Mcintosh index decreased. The analysis of the correlation between diversity indices and ecological enzymes also showed that changes in ecological enzymes will affect the spatial distribution of microorganisms in the soil. Increased ozone concentration changed the eco-enzymatic stoichiometry.

Key words: Near-surface ozone; ecological enzyme; stoichiometric characteristics; biological diversity

引言

近年来，随着经济发展和科技进步，工业化生产得到了大面积的推广。与此同时，伴随着经济全球化的迅速发展，私家汽车等交通工具普及率稳步上升，其更新换代的速度也变得越来越快，私家汽车的销售量和汽车尾气的排放量也在日益增加^[1]。由于城市中的道路交通基本建设压力的增加，堵车现象也日益加重，进一步增加了汽车尾气废弃的排放量。而汽车尾气以及工业生产废气中，常常包含着大量的氮氧化物，其与空气中的氧气经过一系列的化学反应，最终会形成近地表的臭氧气体，危害着人类的健康和植物的生长环境^[2]。有研究表明，近地表臭氧浓度的升高，会抑制植物根系的活性，从而影响着植物的生长繁殖。植物的根际活动，往往伴随着土壤生态酶化学计量特征的变化^[3]。所以，研究在不同浓度臭氧的处理下，植物在表田根际的生态酶的化学计量数的变化，可以反映近地表臭氧浓度的上升对土壤肥力的影响以及对植物生长的影响。

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