中国东部不同类型云和降水对应关系的季节差异

论文总字数：17696字

目 录

一 引言···················································1

二 数据与资料简介·········································1

2.1 云数据资料····························································1

2.2降水资料······························································2

三 云与降水的对应关系·····································2

3.1不同云类型的水平分布··················································2

3.1.1云量的季节性分布················································2

3.1.2不同云类型的水平分布············································4

3.2云-降水水平分布的对应关系·············································6

3.2.1降水的时空分布··················································6

3.2.2云-降水相关性检验···············································8

3.3水凝物积分量与降水的相关性···········································11

四 结论··················································12

参考文献·················································13

致谢·····················································13

中国东部云-降水过程的观测对比

王子欣

，China

Abstract: Based on the monthly clouds data of ISCCP and the merged daily precipitation data, the goal of the study is to analyze the relationship between clouds and precipitation over eastern China, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of clouds and the relationship between precipitation and cloud microphysical parameters. The results shows obvious zonal and seasonal differences of the horizontal distribution of clouds in eastern China. The most important form of precipitation in winter is stratiform feature, including As, Ns, Sc, and St, and precipitation in summer is consists of stratiform precipitation and convective cloud precipitation, including Cs, DC, As, Ns, and Sc. For eastern China, the relationship between CWP and precipitation can better reflect the distribution of precipitation. Since this study mainly focus on the relationship between macroscopic cloud characteristics and precipitation, the impact of cloud micro-physical parameters on the cloud-precipitation corresponding process need to be discussed furtherly.

Key words：Eastern China；Clouds；Precipitation；Relationship

一 引言

中国东部（20°-45°N，103°-122°E）地区位于亚洲大陆东缘，地处亚洲季风区，是中国人口最为密集的区域。季风区降水具有强烈的季节性变化，对于中国东部地区，冬季吹偏北风，雨量较少；夏季，由于西太副高的西伸北进，随季风活动呈现出明显的汛期雨带，并且汛期雨带与季风活动具有一致性^[1]。准确的预测汛期雨带的移动对于准确预报汛期降水，保证中国东部地区人的正常生产生活是必不可少的。降水形成机制十分复杂，其中云作为降水生成的源，其水平分布以及形态等宏观条件，云的粒子半径、云水路径以及光学厚度等云微物理特性对于降水的生成起主要的作用。同时，由于中国东部的云量在同纬度（中、低纬地区）地区中，量值最大，云的气候特征最为明显，因此，在中国东部这一区域的云-降水过程是最值得重视的。

目前对于亚洲季风区云的季节性分布的研究较为成熟。Wang et al.（2001）基于CloudSat 2B-CLDCLASS数据资料研究发现，各类云的云量分布存在较明显的区域差异与季节差异^[2]。Yu et al.（2001）运用ISCCP D2数据指出中国东部云的季节性特征复杂，中-低层云量主导总云量，且总云量的最大值呈现在春季^[3]。不同的云类产生降水的概率不同，产生降水的类型也不同。降水分为层云降水与对流云降水，降水类型呈现出明显的季节性：冷季，主要表现为层云降水，降水的主要来源为地面观测的雨层云和层积云；暖季，由于西太平洋副热带高压的影响，降水由层状云和对流云共同生成，降水的主要来源为地面观测的浓积云、积雨云、雨层云、层积云和层云产生降水^[4]。中国东部降水云的种类以及云-降水对应关系的季节性变化有何规律等相关问题研究尚不充足。胡亮等（2011）利用TRMM卫星2A25资料分析得出夏季风爆发后，季风区东亚热带与副热带季风区的两种降水类型都明显增加，区别在于副热带季风区的对流云降水比重增加，而热带季风区的对流云降水比重减小，并且对流云降水和层云降水经常同时出现，伴随性很强^[5]。Li et al.（2015）利用卫星-台站的融合资料以及ISCCP D1的观测云资料诊断分析中国东部季风区冬、夏两季云型分布以及云-降水对应关系^[6]。高翠翠等使用逐时地面台站观测云资料并结合逐日降水资料研究得出，汛期雨带主要是由层状云降水构成^[7]。

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