论文总字数:14635字
目 录
1 引言 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 本文的研究意义以及内容 2
2 材料与方法 2
2.1 观测仪器和数据 2
2.2 观测时间和地点 2
3 结果分析 3
3.1 黑碳气溶胶浓度的分布特征 7
3.2 黑碳气溶胶浓度的日变化 9
3.3 黑碳气溶胶浓度与颗粒物和污染物的关系 9
3.3.1 黑碳气溶胶和PM2.5的关系 9
3.3.2 黑碳气溶胶和气体污染物的关系 9
3.4 黑碳气溶胶的波长指数 14
3.5 一次污染过程的后向轨迹分析 15
4 结论 15
参考文献 16
致谢 17
南京北郊黑碳气溶胶的来源分析
莫兆雷
()
Abstract: Using the black carbon aerosol mass concentration data, surface meteorological data, and gas pollutant data from March 2017 to May 2017, the source of black carbon aerosols in the northern suburbs of Nanjing was analyzed and analyzed, and the HYSPLIT 4.8 back-track model was used to estimate possible sources of black carbon aerosols in high-concentration events at BC. The results show that the average concentration of black carbon aerosol in the northern suburbs of Nanjing is 1656 ng·m-3, and the primary source of BC is automobile exhaust emissions. The daily variation trend of BC aerosol concentration is two peaks and one grain, with the peak at 7:00 and the valley at 23:00, which is mainly affected by the intensity of human activities and atmospheric turbulence. The diurnal variations of black carbon and PM2.5, CO, NO2 and SO2 pollutants are basically the same, but their peaks and valleys occur 1 h and 2 h earlier or later than the regularity of the black carbon concentration peak. The reason is that BC and some contaminants have some of the same sources. The analysis of the wavelength coefficient of black carbon shows that in the spring, this place is subject to frequent occurrence of biomass burning events. The analysis of a black carbon pollution event in April 2017 from the backward trajectory model shows that the high carbon black concentration during this period may also be affected by the airflow in the northeast direction of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the flow of other small strands.
Key words: PM2.5; black carbon aerosol; diurnal variation; gas pollutants; source
1 引言
1.1 研究背景及意义
大气环境中把含碳燃料不充分燃烧而生成的一种气溶胶难熔成份称为黑碳气溶胶(Black Carbon,BC),它是大气气溶胶细颗粒物的主要组分之一[1]。BC又称为元素炭(Element Carbon,EC),主要是由工业燃烧排放、机动车尾气排放、森林火灾、生活燃煤及农业废弃物燃烧[2]产生。黑碳因其在可见光到近红外波段范围中有强烈的吸光效应,使得黑碳气溶胶能破坏辐射平衡,影响区域大气气候[3~4]。因为其亚微米颗粒部分可深入到人的呼吸系统,所以BC在人口密集区域会对伤害肺部呼吸系统进而对人体健康产生严重危害[5~6]。
国际上对黑碳气溶胶额观测和研究工作开展得相对较早,美国科学家从20世纪70年代开始了对黑碳气溶胶的系统测量,20世纪80年代该工作得到国际上的广泛重视,WMO的全区域大气监测网(GAW)将黑碳气溶胶作为一个重要的气溶胶项目从1989年起开始观测其变化[17]。然而,由于各方面的原因,中国对黑碳气溶胶的研究起步相对较晚,对中国黑碳气溶胶的排放和分布现状的研究也鲜见报道[18]。据国外研究统计,1995~2020年,中国排放的黑碳将占到世界人为排放源总量的三分之一,但是该预测缺乏实际测量数据,仅凭借实验室的数据来推演区域或全球的黑碳气溶胶排放量,明显具有很大的不准确性。因此,该预测亟待日前通过大量监测数据结果进行实验分析和验证[19]。
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