论文总字数：25399字

目 录

1 引言 1

1.1 研究背景及意义 1

1.2 研究进展 1

1.3 研究内容 2

2 材料与方法 2

2.1 研究区概况 2

2.2 资料获取与处理 3

2.3 数据处理与分析 3

2.3.1 线性回归法 3

2.3.2 相关性分析 3

3 结果分析 3

3.1 气候因子动态变化 3

3.1.1 净辐射动态变化 3

3.1.2 光合有效辐射动态变化 4

3.1.3 气温动态变化 5

3.1.4 土壤温度动态变化 6

3.1.5 土壤湿度动态变化 7

3.1.6 降水量动态变化 7

3.1.7 相对湿度动态变化 8

3.1.8 饱和水汽压差动态变化 9

3.2 实际蒸散发动态变化的特征 9

3.2.1年变化动态和生长季变化 9

3.2.2季节变化动态 10

3.2.3月变化动态 11

3.3 实际蒸散发与气候因子的相关分析 12

3.3.1 全年、生长季和非生长季ET与气候因子的相关分析 12

3.3.2 各月实际蒸散发与气候因子的相关分析 13

3.3.3 各季节实际蒸散发与气候因子的相关分析 14

4 结论 15

参考文献 15

致谢 18

气候因子对内蒙古典型草原实际蒸散发的影响

陆维

, China

Abstract: Since the availability of water resources is a limiting factor for the function of terrestrial ecosystems in the arid and semi-arid regions, and actual evapotranspiration (ET) is the key process for energy and water balances, it is very important to explore the change characteristics of ET and its responses to climate change. In this study, taking the typical grassland of the arid and semi-arid region in Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia as an example, we first analyzed the change patterns of meteorological factors and ET on different temporal scales during 2006-2013. Secondly, correlation analysis was explored between climatic factors and ET, which was used to analyze the impact of climate change on evapotranspiration in the typical grassland. Results showed that: (1) the climatic factors of typical grassland in Xilinhot of Inner Mongolia have obvious interannual changes. From 2006 to 2013, the average net solar radiation (Rn) increased significantly on the annual scale, but the average photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) decreased significantly. Rn in the growing season accounted for more than 85% of total annual Rn while PAR in the growing season accounted for about 60% of the total annual PAR. In addition, soil moisture (SWC) showed a slight upward trend with a rate of change of 0.05·10a^-1; precipitation (PPT) also exhibited weak upward trend, and the total PPT in the growing season accounted for more than 84% of the annual total PPT. In contrast, both temperature (Ta) and soil temperature (Ts) showed slight downward trends, with a rate of change of about 0.2°C·a^-1, respectively. The saturated vapor pressure difference (VPD) and relative humidity (RH) did not change obviously. (2) ET of typical grassland showed significant interannual changes in growing seasons, with an obvious increasing trend (plt;0.05). The total ET in the growing season accounts for 82% of the total ET. Seasonally, ET in summer and spring were much larger with obvious fluctuations compared with other two seasons. (3) There were significant correlations between climatic factors and ET. Rn was the dominant influencing factor on the annual scale, following by SWC and Ta. On the other side, ET was correlated with SWC, Ta and Rn significantly on the seasonal scale, but ET was only correlated with SWC significantly on the monthly scale.

Key words: evapotranspiration; climate change; typical grassland; semi-arid region

1 引言

1.1 研究背景及意义

气候变化是现代主要挑战之一，并给世界环境带来相当大的压力^[1]。气候变化正在影响中国，其中包括中国北方。IPCC第四次评估报告^[2]显示，上世纪全球平均气温上升0.7℃，全球气候发生了很大变化。内蒙古自治区是中国第三大省，位于北欧地球科学伙伴关系倡议研究区东南部。内蒙古包含半干旱气候的核心区域，并且半干旱地区最容易受到气候变化的影响。Lu等^[3]根据内蒙古1955年至2005年的51个气象站的气象数据分析了内蒙古的气候变化，研究表明内蒙古地区气候趋暖和干燥，且从10年的尺度上看，过去30年的变暖和干燥趋势比前20年更为显著；且不同地区气候变化的速度差异很大。研究表明^[4-，气候变化速度的地区差异主要是由于不同类型的陆地表面具有不同的表面反照率，蒸散和碳循环等等，这些因子以不同方式影响和响应气候变化。

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