论文总字数：19641字

目 录

摘要 1

Abstract 2

1 引 言 3

2 材料与方法 4

2.1 试验区概况 4

2.2 气象数据 4

2.3 土壤蒸发量 4

2.4 大型蒸渗仪测定 4

2.5 蒸发蒸腾量模型模拟 4

2.5.1 Penman-Monteith（P-M）模型 4

2.5.2 Priestley-Taylor（P-T）模型 5

2.5.3改进的双源（S-S-W）模型 5

2.6 模型评价指标 7

3 结果与分析 7

3.1 气象要素的生育期变化 7

3.2 实测蒸发蒸腾量的变化过程及特征 9

3.3 实测蒸发蒸腾量数据与模型模拟数据比较 9

3.4 模型验证 10

3.5 影响蒸发蒸腾量的气象因素 15

4 结论 15

参考文献 17

致谢 19

不同发育阶段玉米蒸发蒸腾量的模拟及其影响因素

郭燕

, China

Abstract: The accurate calculation of evapotranspiration can promote the protection of plants and the rational use of water resources. This paper takes corn in Pukou, Nanjing as the research object, and selects three models of evapotranspiration (Penman-Monteith (P-M) model, Priestley-Taylor (P-T) model and modified dual source (S-S-W) model) to calculate the average daily evapotranspiration (ET), which is used to compare the measured data of field soil evaporation E at different growth periods with the actual ET values measured by large-scale lysimeters. The purpose is to find a model with high simulation accuracy and suitable for calculating the evapotranspiration of different crops in the study area. The effects of meteorological factors on corn evapotranspiration during different growth stages were analyzed. The results showed that in the P-M, P-T, and S-S-W models simulated corn evapotranspiration (ET), the evapotranspiration at the seedling stage was suitable for simulation using the S-S-W model, R² was 0.73, and the consistency index was above 0.79.The evapotranspiration during the grain filling period was suitable for simulation with the P-M model, and the consistency index was the highest in the three models, 0.66 and R² was 0.96, reaching a significance level of 0.05. The P-T model was suitable for the rest of the growth stages, with R² being 0.95, 0.97, 0.93, and 0.99, respectively, and the consistency index was above 0.75. In the model S-S-W simulation of soil evaporation in corn fields (E), this model is suitable for the simulation of evapotranspiration during jointing to maturity of maize. R² was 0.85, 1, 0.89, 0.55 and 0.92, respectively, and reached the significance level of 0.05. However, the consistency index was close to only 1 in the three fertility stages of wax maturity to maturity, which were 0.75, 0.80, and 0.75, respectively.

Key words: Evapotranspiration; lysimeter; P-M model; growth periods; corn

1 引 言

蒸发蒸腾量（ET），即为土壤蒸发量（E）和植被蒸腾量（T）两部分的和，蒸发蒸腾量的准确计算有利于水资源的高效利用^[1]。随着经济社会的快速发展，为了满足工业、农业和人口增长的需要，资源和能源危机成为迫切解决的一大问题。而水作为农业命脉，人类生存和发展的基础，更是重中之重。我国是世界上人均水资源占有量最贫乏的国家之一，在我国开展节水高产农业已经迫在眉睫^[2]。我国农业用水量约占全国总用水量的80%，尽管农业用水总量很大，但有效水利用却很少，有效率仅为25%-40%左右^[3]。可见，水资源浪费情况普遍存在并相当严重。为了提高农业用水的有效率，对于作物蒸发蒸腾过程的研究以及作物用水量和蒸发量的量化和处理是非常重要的。作物的蒸发蒸腾作用是土壤-植物-大气（SPAC）系统中一个重要的过程，更是水分在该系统中传输的重要一环。由此基于作物蒸发蒸腾过程的研究便可计算出更为准确的作物需水量，并以此作为某地区灌溉用水量的科学根据，进行合理灌溉，提高水资源利用效率，减轻地区水资源压力^[4]。当然，对于作物蒸发蒸腾过程的研究也是为了进一步实现以蒸发蒸腾量（ET）为基础的水资源管理模式，为科学控制农田用水量，提高农业用水效率，进行农田水资源评价并制定灌溉计划。对于提高节水高产农业的水平具有更重大的现实意义^[5]。

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