论文总字数:12014字
目 录
引言 1
1. 材料与方法 1
1.1. 土壤样品的采集与制备 1
1.2. 红壤微团聚体样本的提取 2
1.3.土壤磷素饱和度 2
1.4. 其它测试指标与方法 2
2. 结果与分析 2
2.1. 不同植被类型红壤的化学性质 2
2.2. 不同植被类型红壤微团聚体的粒径分布特征 4
2.3. 不同植被类型红壤微团聚体粒径的有机质富集特征 5
2.4. 不同植被类型红壤微团聚体粒径的非晶质氧化铁、铝富集特征 6
2.5. 不同植被类型红壤微团聚体粒径磷素的富集特征 8
3. 讨论 9
4. 结论 9
参考文献 10
致 谢 11
不同植被类型红壤微团聚体的碳磷富集特征
王朝伟
, China
Abstract: It is very important to study the effect of different vegetation types on the accumulations of soil carbon and phosphorus in upland red soil, which is very important for improving the quality of red soil. In this paper, six soil samples were collected from eroded soil, mixed forest, pinus massoniana, grassland, bare land and forest area. Micro-aggregates particle samples were separated in soil-water dispersed system according to Stokes' law. Then, organic matter, amorphous iron, aluminum and their combined P were determined, and the degree of P saturation (DPS) was calculated at the same time. Our research results show that: (1) the proportion of aggregates in red soil with different vegetation types were in the order of bare land gt; pine forest, broad-leaved forest gt; mixed forest gt; grassland gt;eroded soil; particle size with gt;0.25 mm macro-aggregate contents followed by broad-leaved forest gt; bare land gt; grassland gt; mixed forest gt; pine gt; eroded soil. In eroded red soil 0.05 ~ 0.01 mm and 0.01 ~ 0.005mm micro aggregate ratio were the highest. (2) soil P contents of macro-aggregate was higher in the bare land, pine forest and mixed forest than in the eroded soil, grassland and woodland soil. P content of soil micro aggregates (0.25 ~ 0.05mm) in eroded soil was significantly higher than other vegetation types. Besides, small size micro-aggregates phosphorus content (0.005 to 0.001mm) is much higher than that of other size of the phosphorus content, that proved that the micro- aggregates had large capacity for the P storage. (3) Macro-aggregates in forest and bare land had big capacity of P accumulation, the small size micro-aggregates with higher P accumulation capacity than other three vegetation types.
Key words: Different vegetation types; Upland red soil; Micro-aggregates; Particle size composition ; Carbon and P accumulation characteristics
引言
旱地是红壤地区十分重要的农业土壤,但一般地势较高、水供应不足,加上因管理及利用等方面的原因,其生产力相对不高、肥力也较低,所具有的酸、粘、板、瘦等特点也更加突出,不利于作物高产、稳产和优质生产[1]。土壤团聚体是指土壤所含的大小不同、形状不一、有不同孔隙度和机械稳定性和水稳性的团聚体总合[2][14]。一般都认为,团聚体多是土壤肥沃的标志之一,而土壤微团聚体的测定对进一步了解土壤肥力具有重要意义[3]。土壤微团聚体能够明显改善黏质土壤的通气性、渗水性、黏结性、黏着性和胀缩性。具有良好物理状况的土壤,不仅在于有大团聚体的存在,而且还与微团聚体有关[4]。
土壤碳磷素富集的问题也是红壤研究的热点。有大量研究表明土壤颗粒的粒径越小,土壤磷素的富集作用越强,陈璐等[5]通过田间试验与室内分析相结合的方法研究长期不同施肥处理下土壤颗粒组成及其有效憐富集,研究结果表明,土壤中的有效磷(包括速效磷、水溶性磷)主要富集在粒径<2mm的土壤颗粒中,其中的土壤<0.25mm颗粒中有效磷富集率最高。磷肥的当季利用率一般只有11%~26%,主要由于施入土壤中的隣肥会快速转化成Ca2-P、Ca8-p、Fe-P、Al-P等无机态磷,且在土壤中的迁移性较弱。寇长林等[6]对长期施用磷肥后的土壤磷素研究表明,土壤大量的吸附固定磷素,造成表层土壤磷素的大量富集。王而力等[7]采用平衡吸附法研究了沙土不同粒径微团聚体对磷的富集特征,结果表明,沙土中微团聚体对磷的富集作用比较强,沙土不同粒径团聚体对磷的富集程度由大到小排序为:黏粒〉粉粒细砂〉粗砂。另外,国内外也开展了借助于GIS技术对磷素富集的一些研究。张敏[8]等运用GIS技术和地统计学相结合的方法研究了年和年河南省郏县烟区土壤全磷的富集变化情况,结果表明年间土壤全磷含量变化不大,富集状况较不明显。因此为了更好利用红壤地区的土地和水热资源,进一步了解旱地红壤的相关方面的性质就显得很必要。本文以为侵蚀地,混交林,马尾松,草地,裸地和阔叶林这六种植被类型红壤为研究对象,探讨了不同植被类型影响下土壤微团聚体的粒径组成特征和不同植被类型影响下红壤微团聚体富磷特征。
材料与方法
土壤样品的采集与制备
研究区域位于江西省鹰潭市中国科学院红壤生态实验站(N 28°04′~28°37′,E116°41′~117°09′),该区域地处亚热带季风气候区,年均气温17.8℃,年均降雨量为1788mm,年蒸发量1 318 mm,无霜期258 d。干湿季节变化较为明显,成土母质主要为第四纪红黏土,地形多为岗地。植被类型有针叶林、常绿阔叶林、竹林、针阔混支林,农地,草地,裸地,马尾松林等。在上述植被类型分布地,随机选取侵蚀地(作为对照)、裸地、草地、马尾松林、阔叶林及马尾松-红星楮-灌木混交林样地,每个样地设置5 m × 5 m的样方,在样方采取表层(0-15 cm)土壤样本10~15点,混合均匀后,采用四分法取约1.0公斤土壤,带回室内,风干、过筛、磨细过筛备用。
红壤微团聚体样本的提取
称取通过1mm筛孔的40 g风干土样置于250mL振荡瓶中,加入200ml水,加塞浸泡24 h,振荡2h后,将土壤溶液转移至1000 ml量筒里。首先,在1000ml量筒上放一大漏斗,漏斗上放一孔径为0.25 mm的洗筛;再将土壤悬浮液通过筛孔洗入量筒中,留在锥形瓶内的土粒,用蒸馏水全部洗入洗筛内;最后将量筒内的悬浮用水加至1000mL。用有孔金属片搅拌棒匀速地搅拌土壤悬液,上下各30次后,静置。根据Stokes定律,计算各粒径微团聚体的沉降时间,将土壤悬液中的微团聚体按如下粒径进行逐级提取:gt;0.25 mm,0.25~0.05 mm,0.05~0.01 mm,0.01~0.005 mm,0.005~0.001 mm,lt;0.001 mm。
同时,将留在洗筛内的gt;0.25 mm团聚体颗粒洗入已知重量的铝盒内,烘干至恒重后,称重,保存备用。
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