论文总字数：55525字

摘 要

关键词：土坡，稳定性，复杂工况，加固建议

Abstract: The development of civil engineering is based on the research in the stability of soil, and the slope stability analysis is a big branch of it. With the rapid developing speed of economy, the civil industries such as water conservations，transportations and mining industries have become more and more involved in natural or manmade slopes, as well as the failures of slopes bring many big disasters. We should not only pay attentions to the rebuild after these disasters, we should also focus on the prevention of these problems. So far, the theories of simple slopes stability are relatively complete, and there are a lot of methods related to the analysis of simple slopes; but for the layered slopes, the theory is still insufficient，and the methods used in the simple slope are not totally suitable. Moreover, the theories of layered slopes under complicated working conditions（earthquakes, the rapid drawdown of underground water, and the solid strength developing with the depth）have neither been complete yet. Most of the researches done about the layered slopes were based on some real slope-stability examples, they cannot be used for the normal situations frequently. As we facing the layered slopes in our real construct conditions more frequently, this problem becomes more and more important today. Because there are few researches about the problem, this study is going to using the limit equilibrium method(Morgenstern-Price method and Spencer method) to analysis the layered slopes with the help of Geostudio Software(in both factor of safety(FOS) and Slope Shape), in order to find out the regular changing patterns of FOS and sliding surfaces of layered slopes under different complicated working conditions. The mainly conclusions are: the slipping surface under simple conditions are most likely to cross the toe of the slope; in the situation that the upper layer soil property is worse than the lower layer, when the thickness of the first layer equals to the slope height, the slipping surface is only on the upper soil; using the average strength to calculate the FOS is more dangerous. After this, the study will give some advices to reinforce the slopes, hoping to make contributions to the further researches.

Keywords: soil slope, stability, complicated working conditions, reinforce advices.

目录

第一章 引言 1

1.1研究背景 1

1.2研究现状 2

1.2.1土坡分类 2

1.2.2均质土坡研究现状 2

1.2.3成层土坡研究现状 4

1.2.4土坡稳定研究方法 5

1.3研究内容 8

第二章 计算软件与建模 10

2.1软件介绍 10

2.2模型参数及计算方案 10

2.2.1模型参数 10

2.2.2计算方案 11

第三章 计算结果与分析 15

3.1均质土坡 15

3.1.1坡高对土坡稳定的影响 15

3.1.2坡角对土坡稳定的影响 16

3.1.3粘聚力对土坡稳定的影响 18

3.1.4内摩擦角对土坡稳定的影响 19

3.2成层土坡 20

3.2.1上下层厚度比值对土坡稳定的影响 20

3.2.2坡角对土坡稳定的影响 22

3.2.3土性参数变化对土坡稳定的影响 26

3.2.4地下水位骤降对土坡稳定的影响 35

3.2.5地震加速度对土坡稳定的影响 40

3.2.6土体强度随深度变化对土坡稳定的影响 43

第四章 加固建议 50

4.1常用的边坡加固方法 50

4.2加固建议 50

4.2.1均质土坡 51

4.2.2成层土坡 51

第五章 结论和展望 54

5.1结论 54

5.2展望 55

致谢 56

参考文献 57

第一章 引言

1.1研究背景

“万丈高楼平地起”，这不仅教导我们任何事情的成功离不开日积月累的努力，对于土木工程专业的学生，这更提醒着我们任何结构的建设离不开“平地”。换句话说，我们的工程离不开土。土体作为结构的载体，是结构的基础，承受着上部结构产生的荷载，可以说，土体的稳定与否决定着上部结构的稳定性。通常，基础工程在一个工程项目中所占的资金投入比例，高达1/3。而土坡稳定又是基础工程中一个重要的组成部分，所以土坡稳定在工程中的地位十分重要。随着国民经济的迅速发展，水利、铁路、公路、矿山等建设行业也迅猛发展，其建设过程中涉及大量自然土坡和人工土坡，其建设也面向越来越多的复杂土质工况及受力情况。

长久以来，土坡开挖不当造成的土坡失稳，进而导致阻碍工程项目建设、危害人民生命财产安全的事故频有发生。同时，自然因素造成的土坡失稳也不容忽视。我国是一个地质灾害频发的国家，根据中华人民共和国国土资源部2014年07月公布的《中国国土资源报（2014年度）》，2014年仅上半年，我国各类地质灾害共发生5247起，造成的直接经济损失高达9.6亿元；其中造成77人死亡、57人失踪、19人失踪。地质灾害主要分布在华北、东北、华东、中南、西南和西北6个地区27个省（区、市），这一方面与这些区域山多地险有关，另一方面也由于自然或人为因素的诱导。土坡失稳对公路、铁路、水利等带来的灾害见图1-1（图1-1a、b、d为我国地震、暴雨及人为因素造成的重大滑坡灾害，图1-1c为玻利维亚重大滑坡灾害导致的道路交通受阻）。土坡稳定看似不起眼，但在工程中却处于基础地位，土坡失稳带来的后果也十分严重。同时，虽然土坡稳定并不是一个新兴的话题，关于它的研究理论也早有建立，但较为系统化的研究大部分都是基于均质土坡的，其中很大比例都是方法理论适用性的研究；针对复杂工况下成层土坡的研究多是工程实例的探讨，规律性研究还很缺乏，在工程实践中缺少系统普遍的参考价值。而现实中复杂工况下的土坡稳定案例在实际工程中所占比例日益增加，故对其规律的探讨需要得到行业的重视。

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