城市出租车定价机制问题研究

论文总字数：29058字

摘 要

论文首先对国内出租车的现状进行描述，并研究了出租车的理论价格基础，对出租车的价格组成以及影响因素做出分析。

其次通过对多种定价机制模型的优劣讨论，同时结合影响出租车价格的因素，确定选用多目标价格模型进行分析，提出了模型的求解方法以及使用的lingo软件得出模型最优解，并最终验证了模型的合理性，最后分析了油价波动对南京市出租车价格造成的影响。

论文最后基于当下滴滴软件的兴起，讨论了国外流行的合乘模式的必要性，并对合乘模式进行分解，说明合乘模式对南京出租车的可行性以及对南京出租车定价可能带来的影响。

关键词：出租车定价；价格基础；多目标价格模型；合乘模式。

Research on Urban Taxi Pricing Mechanism

02611111 Li mengqi

Supervised by Yang junyu

Abstract： With the rapid development of Nanjing City, Nanjing people travel increasingly frequently. Taxi as fast, comfortable, convenient transportation is favored by the majority of people of all ages in Nanjing. However the contradiction of supply and demand is growing as well, which is mainly reflected in the following two problems, in the peak it is difficult to take a taxi while in the flat peak the empty return rate is so high. Thus, reasonable price of a taxi can well improve the elasticity of the travel needs of residents and can effectively improve the taxi supply contradiction, and to establish a reasonable taxi pricing model has very important practical significance to make a balance of the benefit of decision makers, residents and taxi drivers.

Firstly, the paper describes the present situation of domestic taxi. And then studies the basic theory of taxi price, and make analysis on the taxi price formation and the influencing factors.

Secondly, by a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of a variety of pricing mechanism models combined with the factors which will affect the taxi prices, I determine to use the multi target pricing model. The paper proposes the solution to the model, and uses the software Lingo to get the optimal solution and verifies the rationality of the model. Finally the paper analyzes the effects of Nanjing City taxi prices caused by fluctuations in the price of oil.

 At last, based on the current rise of the App “didi”, the paper discusses the carpool model which is popular in foreign countries and indicates the feasibility of carpool model in Nanjing taxi and the impact on the pricing it may bring. 

Key words: Reasonable taxi pricing model; The basic theory of taxi price; The multi target pricing model; The carpool model.

目 录

摘要………………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ

Abstract…………………………………….............……………………………………………Ⅱ

1绪论………………………………………...........................……………………………………1

1.1 课题的背景及研究的目的意义…………………………………………………...…………1

1.2国内外研究现状…………………………………………………….......…………….………1

1.2.1 国内研究现状 ………………………………………………….…………….…………1

1.2.2 国外研究现状 …………………………………………….………………….…………2

1.2.3 国内外研究现状分析………………………………………….…….......………………2

1.3 论文研究的主要内容……………………………………………..........…………………… 2

1.4 论文研究的技术路线…………………………………………..........……………………… 3

2 出租车的基本特性…………………………………………………………………....………4

2.1城市出租车SWOT分析……………………………………………………................………4

2.1.1 城市出租车优缺点分析…………………………………………................……………4

2.1.2 出租车与常规交通的特性比较……………………………………............……………4

2.1.3 城市出租车SWOT分析……………………………………………….......……………4

2.2 城市出租车运营模式分析…………………………………………………..……………… 5

2.3 出租车对城市的作用……………………………………….....………….......………...........7

2.3.1出租车对城市居民的服务作用....................…………………………….………………7

2.3.2出租车对城市交通的优化作用…........…………………………….……………………8

3 影响出租车的定价因素分析…………………………………………..………………………9

3.1 出租车的市场供求关系………………………………………..…………………...………9

3.2 燃油价格.................………………………………………..………………………..………9

3.2.1燃油价格对出租车的定性影响....................……..……………………………...………9

3.2.2燃油价格对出租车的定量影响....................………………………………...…………14

3.3 经营成本.................……………………………………………………………..…………15

3.4 与其他交通方式的比价关系.…………………………………………………..…………15

4 多目标价格模型..........……………………………………………………………..…………17

4.1 出租车运价分析.....................…………………………………………………..…………18

4.1.1出租车运价的基本组成................................………………………...…………………18

4.1.2国内外出租车运价水平分析....…........…………………………………………...……18

4.2 常用定价模型及适用性分析….....…………………………………………………..……18

4.3 多目标价格模型….....……………………………………………………………..………19

4.3.1多目标价格模型的具体定义……………………………………………………...……19

4.3.2多目标价格模型的数学表达…………………………………………………...………20

4.4南京市多目标价格模型的求解........……………………………………………..…………22

4.4.1模型参数的确定…………….…………………………………………………..………22

4.4.2验证模型有效性…………….…………………………………………………..………23

5 合乘模式探讨.............………………………………………………….………………..……26

5.1 出租车合乘站点介绍...…………..……………………………………………..…………26

5.1.1 合乘模式的类型.…..…………............................……………………………...………26

5.1.2出租车合成站点建立的必要性……………………………………………………...…26

5.1.3出租车起点站点合乘模式的模型….…………………………………………..………26

5.2基于南京市起点站设置的合乘模式分析.…………………...……………………..………27

6 结论.............................…………………………………………………...……………………30

致谢…………….....……………………………………………………………...………………31

参考文献…………………………………………………........…………………………………32

城市出租车定价机制问题研究

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