生活污水中新型污染物的生态毒理学效应研究

论文总字数：42707字

摘 要

个人护理用品与人类的生活息息相关，其使用和排放安全性引起了全世界学者的广泛关注。本文在实验室条件下研究个人护理用品中四种主要成分二苯甲酮、避蚊胺、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚及对羟基苯甲酸甲酯对普通小球藻和大型溞的单一急性毒性效应及复合毒性效应。采用抑制率—浓度进行毒性分析。其结果表明：

1. 二苯甲酮对普通小球藻具有明显的毒性作用，且与浓度呈现线性关系,其96h半数抑制效应浓度（EC₅₀）为6.772mg/L，属于高毒；二苯甲酮对大型溞同样显示出明显的毒性，24h半数抑制效应浓度（EC₅₀）为3.3125mg/L，属于高毒。
2. 避蚊胺对小球藻96h半数抑制效应浓度（EC₅₀）为267.753mg/L，属于低毒，其浓度与抑制率成良好线性关系；避蚊胺对大型溞24h半数抑制效应浓度（EC₅₀）为77.63mg/L，属于中毒。
3. 壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚对小球藻的96h半数抑制效应浓度（EC₅₀）为1514.866mg/L，属于低毒。
4. 对羟基苯甲酸甲酯在低浓度时（lt;0.162g/L）促进小球藻生长，在高浓度时（gt;0.162g/L）抑制小球藻生长，且抑制率与浓度呈现线性关系。对小球藻的96h半数抑制效应浓度（EC₅₀）为285.413mg/L，属于低毒；对羟基苯甲酸甲酯对大型溞48hEC50为0.0275g/L，属于中毒。
5. 对小球藻的复合毒性实验结果表明，二苯甲酮和避蚊胺混合作用时为拮抗作用。

本研究结果将为个人护理用品的安全应用及对水生生态系统的风险评价提供科学依据。

关键词：二苯甲酮，避蚊胺，对羟基苯甲酸甲酯，壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚，小球藻，大型溞，生态毒性，半数抑制浓度

THE STUDY OF ACUTE TOXICITY OF PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS IN DOMESTIC SEWAGE

03211735 Zhang Ziyang

Supervised by Liwei Sun

Abstract:The using and emission of personal care products (PCPs) has aroused great interest and attention from all over the world because they are closely related to daily life and ecosystem safety. The single and combined acute toxic effects of benzophenone, DEET( N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide), NPE(nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether) and methyl parahydroxybenzoats, which are the main components of PCPs, on chlorella vulgaris and daphnia magna were studied under laboratory conditions. The results were analyzed and evaluated by inhibition ratio- concentration and showed as below:

1. There were significantly toxicity of benzophenone on chlorella vulgaris, which had a positive linear relationship with its concentration. The 96 hours EC₅₀(50% of Effective Concentration) values of benzophenone on chlorella vulgaris was 6.772mg/L, which was classed as a high toxic substance.; Benzophenone also showed high-toxic on daphnia magna, the 24h EC50 of which is 3.3125mg/L.
2. DEET was a sort of substance with low toxicity on chlorella vulgaris , the 96 hours EC₅₀ was 267.753mg/L. The experimental result showed a good liner relationship between its concentration and inhibition ratio; The 24h EC50 benzophenone on daphnia magna was 77.63mg/L. Therefore, it is a middle-toxic substance on daphnia magna.
3. The 96 hours EC₅₀ values of NPE on chlorella vulgaris was1514.866mg/L, which was classed as a low toxic substance.
4. At low concentration (lt;0.162g/L), methyl parahydroxybenzoats promoted the growing of chlorella vulgaris. On the other hand, when the concentration exceeded 0.162g/L,it depressed the growth of chlorella vulgaris,which had a positive linear relationship with its concentration. Methyl parahydroxybenzoats was a sort of substance with low toxicity on chlorella vulgaris , the 96 hours EC₅₀ of which was 285.413mg/L. Differently, methyl parahydroxybenzoats was classed as a middle-toxic substance on daphnia magna, the 24 hours EC50 of which was 0.0275g/L.
5. The results of combined acute toxic effects experiments show that there was antagonism between benzophenone and DEET.

Overall, the results of this study provided the scientific basis for security applications and risk assessment of PCPs.

KEY WORDS: benzophenone, DEET, NPE, methyl parahydroxybenzoats, chlorella vulgaris, daphnia magna, ecotoxicity, EC50

目 录

摘要 ……………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ

Abstract …………………………………………………………………………… Ⅱ

1. 绪论 ………………………………………………………………………1

1.1 PCPs来源及归趋 ………………………………………………………1

1.2 PCPs对环境的污染 ………………………………………………………1

1.3国内外对PCPs生态毒性的研究现状 ………………………………………2

1. 试验材料及方法 ……………………………………………………………3

2.1被测化学品 ………………………………………………………………3

2.2毒性实验材料 ………………………………………………………………3

2.3实验方法 ……………………………………………………………………4

2.3.1相关资料的收集 …………………………………………………4

2.3.2生态毒性评价实验 …………………………………………………5

2.3.3综合毒性的评价 ……………………………………………………6

1. 实验结果 ……………………………………………………………………7

3.1二苯甲酮 ……………………………………………………………………7

3.1.1 小球藻急性毒性实验结果 ………………………………………7

3.1.2 大型溞急性毒性实验结果 ………………………………………9

3.2避蚊胺 ………………………………………………………………………10

3.2.1 小球藻急性毒性实验结果 ………………………………………10

3.2.2 大型溞急性毒性实验结果 ………………………………………13

3.3壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚 …………………………………………………………13

3.4对羟基苯甲酸甲酯 …………………………………………………………19

3.4.1 小球藻急性毒性实验结果 ………………………………………19

3.4.2 大型溞急性毒性实验结果 ………………………………………26

3.5被测化学品的复合毒性 ……………………………………………………27

1. 讨论与分析 …………………………………………………………………31

4.1小球藻二甲基亚砜对照实验 ………………………………………………31

4.2二苯甲酮对小球藻的急性毒性效应…………………………………………32

4.3壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚酮对小球藻的急性毒性效应 …………………………32

4.4对羟基苯甲酸甲酯对小球藻的急性毒性效应 ……………………………33

4.5二苯甲酮，避蚊胺和对羟基苯甲酸对小球藻的复合毒性 ………………34

4.6大型溞的敏性实验 …………………………………………………………36

4.7大型溞二甲基亚砜对照实验 ………………………………………………36

结论 ……………………………………………………………………………………37

参考文献（References） ………………………………………………………………37

致谢 ……………………………………………………………………………………38

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