论文总字数:32476字
摘 要
随着移动通信技术的发展以及智能移动设备的普及,人们对无线网络数据流量的需求急速增加,从而导致巨大的能源消耗。尽管显著增加的数据业务看似为移动运营商增加了利润,但能源消费也相应上升,随着移动网络速率要求和全面运作中高能源消耗水平将带来成本的增加,移动运营商要想实现自身的利益最大化需要寻找最节能的方式来运行无线网络。在当今以节能减排为主题的时代,在保证用户容量可持续增长的同时,减少能源消耗已成移动运营商乃至全社会的当务之急。
LTE/LTE-A是第四代移动通信系统的主要技术之一,第三代移动通信中3个主要的技术标准WCDMA、TD-SCDMA和CDMA2000都选择了LTE/LTE-A作为下一阶段统一的技术演进方向。LTE-A是LTE的技术演进,主要的提升包括“更高的通信速率”、“针对性的具体应用场景”以及“新的网络部署形态”,在通信速率和服务质量等上都比3G有显著提高。本文将结合LTE-A的技术特点,对节能技术进行研究。
在无线网络中,通信网络是按照最大需求设计的,基站设备是按最大流量需求部署的,而高峰和低峰时段网络流量有较大差距,因此当网络流量较低处于低峰时段时,会造成大量的基站设备处于空载状态,从而造成极大的能源浪费,而这一现象在网络流量需求更大的LTE-A通信系统中势必更加显著。同时,在热点地区,基站部署较密,某一个基站的最大的覆盖范围大于实际场景中其覆盖范围,相邻基站之间会产生重叠。针对这种情况,在本文中,我们提出了一种新颖的基于流量的小站开关节能算法,通过在网络流量较低时将部分空载的小站关闭,并将其流量卸载并转移至邻近的覆盖范围更为广阔的大站,这从而减少不必要的能源消耗,起到节能的目的。
关键词:节能,LTE-A,异构网络,小站开关,流量卸载
Study On The Energy Saving Technology Of LTE-A
04011630 Lai Xuyang
Supervised by Pan Zhiwen
Abstract
With the development of mobile communication technology and the popularity of smart mobile devices, the demand for wireless network data traffic increased rapidly, leading to huge energy consumption. Despite the significant increase in data services for mobile operators appear to increase profits, but also a corresponding increase in energy consumption, as mobile network speed requirements and fully operational high level of energy consumption will lead to increased costs, mobile operators have to look for the most energy-efficient way to run a wireless network if they want to achieve their own best interest. In previous energy conservation as the theme of the times, while ensuring sustainable growth in the subscriber capacity, to reduce energy consumption has become imperative to mobile operators and even the whole society.
LTE / LTE-A is one of the major technology of the fourth generation mobile communication system, and the three major technical standards of the third generation mobile communication which are WCDMA, TD-SCDMA and CDMA2000 have opted for LTE / LTE-A as the next stage of unity technological evolution direction. LTE-A is the evolution of technology LTE,and the major enhancements of LTE-A compares to LTE include "higher communication speed," "targeted specific application scenarios," and "the deployment of new network form" ,and also have a great improvement over 3G in communication speed and quality of service. This paper will research the energy technology combining the technical features of the LTE-A.
In a wireless network, the communication network is designed according to the maximum demand, and the base station equipment is deployed according to the maximum flow demand ,too, and the network traffic of peak and off-peak periods have a large gap, so when network traffic is low, a large number of base station will be unloaded, resulting in a great waste of energy, and this phenomenon will get worse in the LTE-A communication system which demand more network traffic. Meanwhile, in the hot spots, where the base station is deployed densely, the maximum coverage of one base station is broader than its coverage in the actual scene, which will produce overlap between adjacent base stations. In view of this situation, in this paper, we propose a novel energy-saving algorithm based on traffic by switching off the small cell and offloading the users to the neighbor marco cell which has a broader coverage when the network traffic is low, thus, we can reduce unnecessary energy consumption and achieve the purpose of energy-saving.
KEY WORDS: Energy Saving,LTE-A,Heterogeneous Networks,Small Cell Activation Mechanism,Offload Traffic
目录
第一章 绪 论 2
1.1 研究背景及意义 2
1.2 学术界研究现状 4
1.2.1 国内研究现状 4
1.2.2 国外研究现状 6
1.3 本文的结构安排 7
第二章 LTE-A系统介绍 8
2.1 LTE/LTE-A技术简介 8
2.2 LTE基本技术 9
2.2.1 系统框架 9
2.2.2 OFDM技术 10
2.2.3 MIMO技术 10
2.2.4 自适应分组调度 11
2.3 LTE-A新增关键技术 11
2.3.1 载波聚合技术 11
2.3.2 中继技术 11
2.3.3 异构网络 14
2.3.4 增强的多天线技术 15
第三章 基于流量的小站开关算法 15
3.1 算法场景简介 16
3.2 算法分析 20
3.2.1 系统模型和相关假设 20
3.2.2 能耗方程和相关计算 20
3.2.3 进入和退出节能状态的判定条件 24
3.2.4 算法流程 25
第四章 仿真结果与分析 26
4.1 仿真场景 27
4.1.1 生成小区 27
4.1.2 撒放用户 27
4.2 系统仿真参数取值 29
4.3 资源分配和自适应链路生成 30
4.4 结果仿真 30
4.5 结论 37
第五章 论文总结 38
致 谢 39
参考文献 40
第一章 绪 论
1.1 研究背景及意义
随着通信技术的迅猛发展,以及智能移动设备的普及,用户对无线网络流量的需求日益剧增。下一代移动通信网络旨在随时随地为用户提供高速的无线网接入。智能手机的普及和更新换代,3G、4G的发展,毫无疑问将极大加速这个进程并创造新的需求,例如视频通话、社交媒体和在线视频、游戏。显著的数据流量增长和无处不在的对网络接入的需求已经引发了网络基础设施的迅速增长以及对能源的巨大消耗。因此,对于对移动网络运营商来说,在维持可持续的用户容量增长的同时减少能源损耗已为当务之急。在网络基础设施不断建设建设、基站设备数目越来越多,从而基站能耗也越来越大的背景下,如何节约能耗、减少能源成本,成为移动运营商迫切关心的问题,对节能技术的研究已经迫在眉睫。
同时,无线网络的巨大能源消耗直接导致了温室气体排放的增加,而由温室气体的排放导致的全球变暖已经成为全世界共同关注的话题,在节能减排、保护地球生态环境成为全社会主题的今天,这已经成为环境保护和可持续发展的主要威胁。低碳生活、低碳产业并不仅仅是某个行业或者是某个地区的事情,这关系到整个人类的未来。欧盟在全世界范围内扮演着节能先行者的角色,它们的目标是减少20%的温室气体排放。中国政府也承诺到2020年要减少20%的单位GDP的能源消耗和10%的主要污染物排放。因此,国内外的社会舆论压力都要求移动通信运营商尽可能多地减少能源消耗,世界各地都在采取行动。节能减排的任务形式十分严峻,任务十分艰巨,经济转型任务更加繁重。为了应对由无限流量需求和能源消耗带来的挑战,绿色革命、节能减排对于今天的移动通信网络来说迫在眉睫。
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