论文总字数:25287字
摘 要
二维(2D)纳米材料由于其在电子、光学和力学性能在最近几年已广泛用于器件制备。具体地说,在已经被发现的二维纳米材料中,石墨烯成为最强大的多元化应用纳米材料。由于其巨大的独特的性质,高效的电子转移能力和优秀的热导电率,石墨烯在广泛的应用领域拥有更大的潜力,如储能(如燃料电池,电池和超级电容器)和生物应用。其特殊的构造决定了其表面可以作为高活性传感器和靶标,非常适合制备新型生物界面生物传感器。在这些作品中,石墨烯已经被使用于分析各种无机和有机生物医学分析物和环境领域的应用,包括葡萄糖,半胱氨酸,蛋白质,生物标志物,DNA,重金属,等等。合成了一系列石墨烯纳米材料,能够被用来开发和制备具有生物分析应用前景的先进生物传感器。
从文献调研可以看出,目前对于DNA以及蛋白质传感器的研制基本上存在以下两个问题:一是测量参数单一,即基本上只针对传感器模型的一个参数进行测量,比如说电阻,电感或者是电容;二是目前DNA传感器的制作工艺相对都比较复杂,。因此本文着重于针对石墨烯DNA传感器以及石墨烯蛋白质传感器进行研究。本论文的研究内容为:
- 尝试针对多参数进行测量的方法,探求在多个参数之间的变化规律或趋势;
- 目前DNA传感器的制作工艺相对都比较复杂,本次课题另一方面也是研究能否创造简单的工艺(比如涂膜)以实现大幅降低传感器的生产成本。
本论文的创新点在于:
- 用简单的滴涂、粘接方法实现了石墨烯生物传感器的构筑,并测量到了多组电学信号;
- 建立了针对生物分子的多参数测量方法并得到了相应的测量结果,分析了各电学参数对分子传感的灵敏度及变化趋势。
关键词:石墨烯;生物传感器;BSA牛血清白蛋白(BSA);DNA;多参数测量
Abstract
Due to the electronic, optical and mechanical properties, in recent years the two-dimensional (2d) nanomaterials have been widely used in preparation for various devices. Specifically, among two-dimensional nanomaterials that have been found, the versatility of graphene is considered as most potential. Due to its unique properties of large, efficient electron transfer ability and good thermal conductivity, graphene is more convinced in a wide range of applications, such as energy storage (fuel cells, batteries and super capacitors, etc.) and biological applications. The unique structure determines that the surface can be used as a highly active sensors and targets which is very suitable for the preparation of new interfacial biosensor. In these reports, graphene has been used in a variety of inorganic and organic biomedical analysis and in the environment field, including detection of glucose, cysteine, protein, biomarkers, DNA, heavy metals, and so on. Compound a series of graphene-based nanomaterials have been used to develop functional, advanced biological sensors.
It can be seen from the background literatures, that current DNA and protein sensors suffer from two basic problems. First, the single measurement parameter. Only one parameter, either resistance, inductance or capacitance of the sensor was measured. My thesis will explore multiple parameter measurements and look for the relationship between each other. Second, the fabrication processes of DNA sensor are still complex. Therefore this thesis also focuses on the facile yet effective fabrication of graphene-based DNA and protein sensor.
The originality of this paper is described as:
1. Facile and effective construction of the graphene biosensor, by using simple coating and bonding method was realized. Besides, multiple electrical signals have been simultaneously measured;
2. Essays for multiple-parameter measurement towards biomolecules have been established and the preliminary results have the obtained. Sensitivity of each parameter and the relationship between parameters have been discussed.
Key words: graphene; Biosensor; bovine serum albumin (BSA); DNA; multi-parameter measurements
目 录
- 绪论........................................................................................6
- 引言.............................................................................................6
- 石墨烯生物传感器的分类及研究进展.........................................7
- 本论文的特色和创新点..............................................................14
- 石墨烯及生物分子传感器制备.............................................15
- 石墨烯的氧化还原制备条件研究...............................................15
- 石墨烯、氧化石墨烯基传感器的制备流程................................17
- 石墨烯、氧化石墨烯的透射电镜(TEM)表征.........................20
2.4 小结.........................................................................................24
第三章 石墨烯基传感器对牛血清白蛋白的检测研究......................25
3.1 实验条件及检测参数..................................................................25
3.2 实验结果及影响因素..................................................................27
3.3 小结.............................................................................................29
第四章 石墨烯基传感器对DNA的检测研究.....................................30
4.1 实验条件及检测参数..................................................................30
4.2 实验结果及影响因素..................................................................32
4.3 小结.............................................................................................34
第五章 总结及展望...........................................................................36
致谢...................................................................................................37
参考文献............................................................................................38
绪论
1.1引言
二维(2D)纳米材料由于其在电子、光学和力学性能最近几年已用于器件制备[1]。具体地说,在已经被发现的二维纳米材料中,石墨烯成为最强大的多元化应用纳米材料。石墨烯是指由sp2杂化的碳原子排列成一个刚性蜂巢晶格,在所有材料中拥有最高的机械强度[2] 以及高效的电子转移能力和优秀的热导电率。由于其独特的优异性质,石墨烯在广泛的应用领域拥有更大的潜力,如储能(如燃料电池,电池和超级电容器)和生物应用。其特殊的构造决定了其表面可以作为高活性传感器和靶标,非常适合制备新型生物界面生物传感器[3]。此外,最近的合成石墨烯纳米片的技术方案成功地集成不同的石墨烯纳米材料等金属、金属氧化物和量子点,增强了构筑新型生物传感器性能的发展与机会。例如,可以用金属纳米材料颗粒修饰石墨烯,由此获得的协同效应能够显著增加电子转移速率,应用于电子器件,用于生产具有重大意义的电化学生物传感器。最近的前沿研究设计出了合理功能的石墨烯纳米复合材料,再加上电化学分析方法,推动了电化学应用的发展。在这些工作中,石墨烯已经被使用于分析各种无机和有机生物医学分析物和环境领域的应用,包括葡萄糖,半胱氨酸,蛋白质,生物标志物,DNA,重金属的检测和识别等等。最近研究合成了一系列石墨烯纳米材料,能够被用来开发和制备具有有生物分析应用前景的先进生物传感器[4]。
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