基于4G网络的热力管网远程监测系统控制终端开发与应用

论文总字数：32536字

摘 要

现如今，资源和能源的问题是人类发展的一个重大课题。目前而言，我们的主要能源还是依靠煤炭、石油等化石燃料，所以节能减排是当前能源资源利用的一个大课题。供热供暖是我国国民生活和工业生产中必不可少的一环，我国每年的供热供暖量十分巨大，且由于传统供热供暖经营方式的落后，造成了大量的能源资源浪费，除此之外，随着社会发展，供热供暖的供应量和供应范围在不断扩大，且热用户的分布呈现越来越分散的趋势，原本的监控手段和运营方式更加显得力不从心，造成传输过程中的较多的热量损失。

当前，我国的热力管网是以热电厂为核心布置的热力管网系统，虽然已经有诸如热电联产等手段发展起来的循环经济解决了一部分的能源浪费，然而在传输过程中的热量损耗却依旧没有一个很好的技术手段解决。传统的热力管网系统，调控手段是整个管网同增同减，经济性很差；监测手段是通过人工抄表的形式，效率低下。随着热力管网的扩大，这样的方式已经远不能满足经济性和节约能源资源的要求。现如今，随着通讯技术的发展，实时远程监测控制技术也应运而生。借助通讯技术，我们可以实现热力管网的远程监测控制系统，实时地监测和控制整个热力管网，根据需求变化，及时调整各个区域的供热供暖量，提高了经济性和效率，且通过这样的技术，还可以实现整个管网系统的自动化控制，实现无人监控自动运行，大大提高了运行水平并且节约了大量人力以及资源和能源。

如今，国内的GPRS网络已经建立的十分完善，覆盖面广，数据传输稳定，费用也较低。对于热力管网而言，GPRS的最高170kb/s传输速度完全够用了，具有很好的应用前景。本文对基于移动通讯网络的实时远程监测控制技术进行了研究、并把它应用到热力管网监测系统中，研究开发了基于GPRS网络的热力管网远程监测系统及其终端。

首先，本文给出了热力管网远程监测系统的整体设计方案，具体而言，分别从热力管网监测系统的设计和远程计量控制终端设计两部分进行介绍。热力管网监测系统的设计主要是有三部分组成：集中监测控制层、数据服务层和终端控制层。远程计量控制终端的设计主要是由三部分组成：GPRS通讯模块，管道热力参数的测量模块和管道的流量的校正模块。这两块是是整个系统重要的两个方面。

其次，针对对现场管道热力性质参数的测量，本文详细介绍了压力、温度、流量的测量，并提出了管道质量流量的校正计算方法。在实际的设备使用中，主要是通过流量积算仪这样一个处理设备，来完成采集后的数据的整合和处理的。以流量积算仪为核心，各种仪表设备为输入，输出处理过的管道热力工况参数。

然后，本文对整个系统终端和上位机通讯的通讯通道的建立进行了深入的研究。主要是依赖GPRS通讯技术，以数据传输模块DTU为核心，连接监控中心服务器和远程测量设备。详细讨论了DTU的设计原理和使用方法。

最后，根据GPRS数据传输模块的特点，建立服务器软件。为了满足服务器必须拥有公网IP的问题，本文提出两种解决方案：IP映射与网络通讯方式和端口映射与串口通讯方式。继而根据系统要求，进行服务器软件的功能设计。经过测试，整个系统运行正常。

本文提出的热力管网远程监测系统设计方案，对于解决时下供热管网的改造具有十分重要意义。能够优化供热运行模式，降低能耗提高效率，降低了人力物力成本，应用前景十分广阔。GPRS的应用，对于目前热力管网而言，能够有效解决传统热力管网系统的种种局限性，且施工改造难度小，十分方便。

关键词：GPRS，DTU，流量积算仪，远程监控

Abstract

Nowadays, the problem of resources and energy is a major issue of human development. At present, our main energy or rely on coal, oil and other fossil fuels, so energy conservation and emission reduction is a major task of the current energy resource utilization. Heating is essential to our national life and industrial production, China's annual heating is a huge amount of and because of the backwardness of traditional heating mode of operation, resulting in a substantial waste of energy resources, in addition, with the development of society, heating for heating supply quantity and scope of supply in the trend continues to expand, and the distribution of heat users appear more and more dispersed, originally means of monitoring and operation more appeared to be inadequate, resulting in transmission process more heat loss.

At present, the heating pipe network is in the thermal power plant as the core arrangement of heating pipe network system, although there have been such as cogeneration and other means to develop the circular economy to solve part of the waste of energy. However, the heat loss in the transmission process but still no a good technical means to solve. The traditional heat pipe network system, regulation and control means that the entire pipe network with the same increase and decrease, the economy is very poor; monitoring means is through the form of manual meter reading, low efficiency. With the expansion of heat pipe network, such a way has been far from meeting the requirements of economic and energy conservation. Now, with the development of communication technology, real-time remote monitoring and control technology has emerged as the times require. By means of communication technology, we can realize heat pipe network for remote monitoring and control system, real-time monitoring and control of the heating pipe network, according to changes in demand, timely adjustment of each region heating quantity, improve the economy and efficiency and through this technology, but also to achieve the automation of the entire pipeline system control, to achieve automatic unattended operation, greatly improving the operation level and save a lot of manpower and resources and energy.

Today, the domestic GPRS network has been established is very perfect, wide coverage, stable data transmission, the cost is low. For the heat pipe network, the highest 170kb/s transmission speed of the GPRS is enough, and has a good application prospects. The control technology based on mobile communication network of real-time remote monitoring of the research, and it is applied to heating network monitoring system, research and development based on GPRS network of heat pipe network remote monitoring system and terminal.

First of all, this paper gives the overall design of the remote monitoring system of heat pipe network, specifically, respectively, from the two parts of the design of the heat pipe network monitoring system and the remote measurement and control terminal design. Heat pipe network monitoring system is mainly composed of three parts: centralized monitoring control layer, data service layer and terminal control layer. The design of remote measurement and control terminal is mainly composed of three parts: the GPRS communication module, the measurement module of the pipeline thermal parameter and the flow rate of the pipeline. These two pieces are two important aspects of the whole system.

Secondly, according to the measurement of the thermal property parameters of the pipeline, this paper introduces the measurement of pressure, temperature and flow rate, and puts forward the calculation method of the quality flow of the pipeline. In practical use, mainly through the flow totalizer such a processing equipment, to complete the integration of data acquisition and processing of the. The flow meter as the core, all kinds of instruments for input, output parameters of pipeline thermal treated.

Then, this paper makes a deep research on the establishment of the communication channel between the terminal and the host computer. Mainly depends on the GPRS communication technology, the data transmission module DTU as the core, connecting the monitoring center server and remote measurement equipment. The design principle and using method of DTU are discussed in detail.

Finally, according to the characteristics of the GPRS data transmission module, the server software is established. In order to meet the server must have public IP, two solutions: IP mapping and network communication mode and port mapping and serial communication modes is presented in this paper. Then according to the system requirements, the function design of the server software is carried out. After the test, the whole system runs normally.

This paper presents the design scheme of remote monitoring system for heat pipe network, which is very important to solve the current heating pipe network transformation. Can optimize the heating operation mode, reduce energy consumption and improve efficiency, reduce the cost of manpower and material resources, the application prospect is very broad. GPRS application, for the current heat pipe network is concerned, can effectively solve the limitations of traditional heat pipe network system, and the construction of the transformation is difficult, very convenient.

Keywords: GPRS,DTU,Flow totalizer,Remote monitor and control

目录

摘要 I

Abstract III

目录 V

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 引言 1

1.2 热力管网监测系统的发展现状 1

1.2.1 传统热力管网监测系统的局限性 1

1.2.2 热力管网远程监测系统的研究现状 2

1.3 主要研究工作及章节安排 2

1.3.1 主要研究工作 2

1.3.2 本文章节安排 2

第二章 热力管网远程监测系统的设计方案 5

2.1 引言 5

2.2 热力管网监测系统结构设计 5

2.3 远程计量控制终端设计 6

2.4 热力管网远程监控系统功能设计 8

2.5 本章小结 9

第三章 热力管网管道流体参数的测定和管道流量的校准 11

3.1 引言 11

3.2 管道流体参数的测量 11

3.2.1 压力的测量 11

3.2.2 温度的测量 12

3.2.3 流量的测量 13

3.3 管道质量流量的计算方法 15

3.3.1 查表法 15

3.3.2 公式计算法 16

3.3.3 IAPWS-IF97公式 16

3.4 流量积算仪的配置方法与工作模式 17

3.4.1 流量积算仪的配置方法 17

3.4.2 流量积算仪的工作模式 17

3.5 本章小结 18

第四章 热力管网远程监测系统通讯通道的建立 19

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