平衡与拉锯——对“并家婚姻”中双方家庭交换关系的研究

论文总字数：26477字

摘 要

在中国生育政策的大背景下，中国的生育率骤减，但由于人们的生育观念和养老观念并没有得到根本的改变，于是催生了“并家婚姻”这样一种婚姻模式，并在江苏中部沿海迅速蔓延并获得社会的认可。本文通过对该地区所选取的十个“并家婚姻”家庭的访谈，梳理了“并家婚姻”的主要特征和产生原因，并进一步从双方家庭的拉锯入手，对这种家庭模式下的家庭交换关系进行研究。

本文分为四个部分：第一部分是引言，介绍研究缘起；第二部分是现有研究和本文的分析方法，主要对现有研究成果进行综述，对“并家婚姻”的概念进行界定，同时介绍本文的研究方法；第三部分是本文的主体部分，分别对现象特点、产生原因进行分析，揭示“并家婚姻”的所谓平衡其实是交换的结果，建立简单的交换模型，并对拉锯过度的困境进行探讨；最后一部分是本文的结论和思考。

研究发现“并家婚姻”的产生受到社会层面和家庭层面两方面的影响，它与一般婚姻在居住、婚礼仪式、年节安排、经济支配、姓氏等方面都存在着差别。“并家婚姻”家庭中，由于双方家庭对子女的期望报酬一致，所以双方家庭总会产生拉锯，从而形成以子女为中介的交换。其中，交换的因素主要集中在子女姓氏、抚养、居住、年节四个方面，同时会以一些物质金钱作为补偿成本，以达到平衡。和一般家庭的交换相比，交换的主体主要是双方家庭，并且具有周期性。同时，“并家婚姻”也带来了一些负面影响和不确定因素，比如父母的幸福感会有所降低，子女立场艰难感情受到影响，不同的姓氏或会对孩子心里产生影响，婚姻趋向契约化。

关键词：并家婚姻、拉锯、平衡、交换关系

Abstract:

In the context of China's one-child policy, the fertility rate in China fell sharply. But because people's concept of child-bearing and pension haven’t got fundamental change, then the "marriage which combined family" born. This phenomenon spread quickly in the central of Jiangsu province and gain social recognition. This article discussed the main features and causes of "marriage which combined family" through the interviews of the sample. From the battleground of the family, This paper study the exchange relationship of this family mode.

This article is divided into four parts. The first part is introduction, introducing the research origin . The second part is the existing research and analysis methods of this article, mainly on the literature review, defining the concept of marriage which combined family, and at the same time introducing research methods and research direction in this paper. The third part is the main part of the paper, respectively, analyzing the characteristics, causes of the marriage mode, revealing the balance of "marriage which combined family" is the result of the exchange, setting up a simple model of exchange, and discussing the plight of excessive see-saw. The last part is the conclusion and further thinking of this paper.

The study found that the "marriage which combined family” have influenced by two aspects of social and family, it have differences with general marriage in daily living, wedding ceremony, festival arrangement. In "marriage which combined family" , because the expectations of two families are the same, the family will always produce see-saw, thus forming exchange which based on children. The factors of exchange exchange are mainly concentrated on four aspects, children’s surname, raising, daily living, festival arrangement. At the same time they use money or other things as compensation cost, in order to achieve the balance. Compared with common families, the main body of exchange is two families, and the exchange is cyclical. Actually, "marriage which combined family" also bring some negative influence and uncertain factors, such as parents' happiness will be reduced, married couple’s poisons are more difficult and their emotions are affected, different surnames will impact on children in the heart, marriage tends to leasing.

Key Words: marriage which combined family, see-saw, balance, exchange theory

目录

第一部分：引言 1

第二部分：既有研究与本文的研究方法 2

一、研究综述 2

（一）产生原因 2

（二）现象特点 3

（三） 影响 3

（四）文献评述 4

二、概念界定与研究视角 5

（一）概念界定 5

（二）研究视角 6

三、研究方法 6

第三部分：“并家婚姻”中的拉锯与平衡 8

一、 “并家婚姻”现象及其特征 8

（一）居住 8

（二）年节 9

（三）婚礼仪式 9

（四）经济地位 10

（五）养老 11

（六）家庭关系 12

（七）姓氏问题 13

二、 “并家婚姻”产生的原因分析 13

（一）社会背景因素 14

（二）家庭结构因素 15

三、“并家婚姻”中家庭的交换关系 17

（一）社会交换理论 17

（二）交换理论下“并家婚姻”交换关系的理论模型 18

（三）交换因素分析 21

（四）隐性因素分析 23

四、拉锯过度造成的困境 24

（一）父母满意度下降 24

（二）子女左右为难 24

（三）姓氏对下一辈的影响 25

（四）婚姻关系契约化 25

第四部分：结论与思考 27

一、基本结论 27

二、对本文的反思 28

三、进一步思考 29

参考文献 30

致谢 32

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