论文总字数:36284字
摘 要
随着全球环境的不断恶化,人们不断的在寻找清洁能源,来改善现今恶劣的交通排放情况。而电动出租车作为一种采用新能源作为动力的交通工具,在对于环境保护要求更高、科技发展日新月异的今天,有着极为广泛的应用前景,也逐渐成为各国政府和汽车制造商所关注的焦点。而电动出租车的电力资源补给系统显然是制约其发展的关键因素。合理的充电站网络规划,不仅能节省投资成本,提高利润,同时也能促进电动出租车的普及和发展。充电系统的安全性、便利性和经济性显然影响着电动出租车的发展前景。本文在电动出租车逐渐普及的背景下,结合了当前电动出租车的发展现状与国内外的相关研究成果,系统的对充电站的布局规划问题进行了研究。
第一,广泛阅读相关文献,对电动出租车的发展现状和充电站网络的建设现状进行了深入了解,为充电站网络布局方案的设计打下了基础。
第二,对现有的充电站的三种模式进行研究,分析对比后总结出三种模式的优缺点。并提出了电动出租车充电站网络布局的原则和影响因素。
第三,分别基于中心地理论和Voronoi图提出两种电动出租车充电站网络的布局方案。与以往从充电站的盈利角度来进行选址布局的模型不同,通过阅读相关文献,深入阅读了政府出台的相关政策后,在国家大力支持充电站建设的背景下,提出了从用户角度出发的充电站网络布局优化模型,以求在最大程度上方便用户,从而促进电动出租车行业的发展。
第四,提出以方便用户为出发点的充电站选址的优化模型,并对所提出的两种电动出租车充电站网络布局方案进行对比分析,总结出各自的优缺点以及适用条件。
关键词:电动出租车充电站 ;电动出租车 ;规划布局 ;优化模型
RESEARCH ON THE PLANNING AHD LAYOUT OF
ELECTRIC TAXI CHARGING STATION
Abstract
With the worsening of the global environment, people are constantly looking for clean energy, to improve the current bad traffic emissions. And electric taxi as a using new energy as a means of transport power, higher requirements for environmental protection, with the rapid development of science and technology today, very broad application prospects, has become the focus of attention of governments and vehicle manufacturers. And taxi electric power resources supply system is clearly key factors restricting its development. Reasonable charging station network planning, not only can save investment into the, increase profits, but also to promote the popularization and development of electric taxi charging system Safety, convenience and economy obviously affect the prospects for the development of electric taxis. The electric taxi in the growing popularity of the background, combined with the current electric taxi development present situation and the domestic and foreign related research results, system of charging station layout planning asked problem, were studied.
First, the extensive reading of the relevant literature, the development of electric taxi status and the status quo of the construction of the charging station network is deeply understood, laying the foundation for the design of the charging station network layout program.
Second, the three models of the existing charging stations are studied, the advantages and disadvantages of the three modes are summarized after the analysis and comparison, and the principle and influencing factors of the electric taxi charging station network layout are put forward.
Third, respectively based on central place theory and Voronoi diagram proposed two electric taxi charging station network layout scheme. With the previous from the charging station profit point of view to site layout of different models, by reading the relevant literature, in-depth reading the related policy introduced by the government, at the national support charging station construction background proposed from the user's point of view of the charging station network layout optimization model, in order to maximum convenience for the user, so as to promote the development of electric taxi industry.
The fourth proposed to facilitate the user as the starting point of charging station location optimization model and on the proposed two electric taxi charging station network layout scheme are compared and analyzed, summed up their respective advantages and disadvantages and the applicable conditions.
KEYWORDS:Electric taxi charging station;electric taxi;planning;layout;site selection;
optimization
目录
摘要 I
Abstract II
第一章 绪论 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.2研究问题必要性 1
1.3国内外研究现状 2
1.3.1国内研究现状 2
1.3.2国外研究现状 4
1.4研究内容与技术路线 4
1.4.1研究内容 4
1.4.2技术路线 5
1.5本章小结 6
第二章 国内外发展现状 7
2.1国内外电动出租车发展现状 7
2.1.1国外电动出租车发展现状 7
2.1.2国内电动出租车发展现状 7
2.2国内外充电站网络发展现状 7
2.2.1国内建设现状 7
2.2.2国外建设现状 8
2.3现有充电站的特点 9
2.3.1电动出租车电池 9
2.3.2现有充换电站充电设施类型 10
2.4本章小结 11
第三章 电动出租车充电设施布局规划相关问题研究 12
3.1影响充电站网络布局规划因素 12
3.2电动出租车特性分析 13
3.2.1电动出租车的充电行为分析 13
3.2.2电动出租车运营特性分析 14
3.3充电站选址原则 15
3.4充电站网络布局规划原则 16
3.5选址理论基础研究 17
3.5.1中心地理论 17
3.5.2重心法 17
3.5.3韦伯设施区位论 17
3.6充电站运营模式分析 18
3.6.1政府主导型模式 18
3.6.2企业主导型模式 18
3.6.3用户主导型模式 19
3.6.4运营模式比较 19
3.7本章小结 19
第四章 电动出租车充电站网络布局框架 20
4.1基于Voronoi图的充电站网络布局 20
4.1.1发展初期规划布局模型 20
4.1.2发展期规划布局模型 20
4.1.3Voronoi图简介 21
4.1.4案例求解 21
4.1.5单源选址模型 21
4.2基于中心地理论的充电站网络规划 22
4.2.1中心地理论 22
4.2.2充电站服务范围的确定 23
4.2.3重心法模型初选站址 23
4.2.4重心指向设施区位选择模型确定最终方案 23
4.3本章小结 24
第五章 充电站网络规划优化模型 25
5.1多源选址模型 25
5.2最大覆盖模型 26
5.3模糊层次分析模型 27
5.4本章小结 29
第六章 布局方案评估 30
6.1基于Voronoi图的选址布局方案评估 30
6.2基于中心地理论的选址布局方案评估 31
6.3本章小结 33
总结与展望 34
致谢 35
参考文献 36
第一章 绪论
1.1研究背景
在21世纪初期,世界各国的汽车所用的驱动能源基本为石油。现阶段汽车排放的二氧化碳等污染物已经对环境造成了极大的危害,造成了全球气温的上升等不良现象。目前全球二氧化碳的总排放量中有百分之二十五来自于汽车尾气,可见传统的化石燃料汽车对于环境的污染是多么的严重。随着世界各国越来越多的人呼吁环保,倡导减少二氧化碳的排放,所以当今人类研发新能源汽车来代替传统的燃油汽车势在必行。
众所周知,地球上的石油资源极为有限,世界各国更是将石油资源视为本国的战略储备,运输石油的海上航线更是各国的生命线。步入21世纪后,经济发展呈现出一片繁荣的景象,由此造成的化石燃料的使用量逐年上升,人类甚至要迎来能源枯竭的窘境。可是石油在一个国家的发展中有着十分重要的作用。我国要打破这种现状,防止他国的石油封锁,就必须要研发新能源,找到石油的替代品。此时,电动汽车应运而生。
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