行政不作为的法律规制

论文总字数：20768字

摘 要

行政不作为的案件在现实生活中屡见不鲜，它是一种行政权力与责任严重脱节的非常规状态，对社会主义法治国家建设产生了严重阻碍，不仅致使国家、集体和个人的合法权益遭受侵害，而且还损害了政府的权威和公信力。行政不作为现象不仅是对行政机关及其工作人员为全心全意人民服务宗旨的违背，同时也可能违反法律法规对行政机关及其工作人员的法定职责的规定，长此以往必会使政府机关脱离民众这片热土，助长官本位的作风。

本文从行政不作为的基本理论出发详细介绍行政不作为概念的几种学说、行政不作为的构成要件、成因和法治风险，并且结合相关行政法理论和学说认为应当通过程序性措施与实体性措施相结合的方式，使违法责任人得到应有的惩罚，并期望通过一系列措施的有效施行使行政不作为得到有效规制。

[关键词]：行政不作为；行政权力；构成要件；法律规制；程序性措施；实体性措施；救济性措施

Legal Regulation Of Administrative Inaction

Abstract

Administrative inaction cases are common in the real life, it’s an abnormal state that exists a serious gap between administrative power and responsibility and it severely hinders the construction of a socialist country ruled by law. Administrative inaction not only damages the legitimate rights of state, collectives and individuals, but also do harm to the government's authority and credibility. Administrative inaction not only goes against the civil service professional ethics of the administrative organs and requirement to the staff, but also violates the administrative laws and regulations on them of the provisions about obligations. If the problem wasn’t solved fundamentally, the style of working carelessly, making excuses mutually and being irresponsible would be encouraged.

This article is based on the fundamental theory of administrative inaction, then introduces its concept, elements, characteristics and causes, the relief and the regulation described in detail. What’s more, combined with relevant theory and doctrine of administrative law, procedural measures and substantive measures should be jointed together to make persons who breaking the law receive due punishment. And we hope that administrative inaction can be effectively regulated through the proper implementation of a series of measures.

[Keywords]: Administrative inaction; Administrative power; Component; Legal regulation; Procedural measure; Substantive measure

目 录

摘要…………………………………………………………………………………………………I

Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………II

一、绪论……………………………………………………………………………………………1

（一）选题背景及研究意义…………………………………………………………………1

（二）课题难点及研究方法…………………………………………………………………1

二、行政不作为概念厘清…………………………………………………………………………1

（一）行政不作为的概念……………………………………………………………………2

（二）行政不作为与相关范畴辨析…………………………………………………………3

1、行政不作为与否定性行政行为……………………………………………………3

2、行政不作为与行政不正确作为……………………………………………………3

3、行政不作为与迟延作为………………………………………………………………3

4、行政不作为与形式作为而实质不作为的行政行为………………………………4

5、行政不作为与行政不能作为…………………………………………………………4

（三）行政不作为的构成要件………………………………………………………………4

三、行政不作为的成因及其法治风险……………………………………………………………5

（一）行政不作为的成因……………………………………………………………………5

（二）行政不作为的法治风险………………………………………………………………6

1、侵害公共利益，损害相对人合法权利……………………………………………7

2、加剧社会矛盾，影响社会稳定……………………………………………………7

3、制约政府职能运行，降低行政效率…………………………………………………7

4、挑战法律权威，影响法制统一………………………………………………………7

四、规制行政不作为的法治路径…………………………………………………………………7

（一）行政不作为的实体法规制……………………………………………………………8

1、完善行政组织法律体系………………………………………………………………8

2、完善行政监督…………………………………………………………………………8

3、落实责任追究制度……………………………………………………………………9

4、提升公务员素质………………………………………………………………………9

（二）行政不作为的程序法规制……………………………………………………………9

1、加强行政公开………………………………………………………………………10

2、建立行政行为的时效制度…………………………………………………………10

（三）行政不作为的救济法规制……………………………………………………………10

1、完善行政复议制度…………………………………………………………………11

2、完善行政不作为的诉讼制度………………………………………………………11

3、完善行政不作为的国家赔偿制度…………………………………………………11

结语………………………………………………………………………………………………11

参考文献…………………………………………………………………………………………13

致谢………………………………………………………………………………………………13

一、绪论

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